What is the patellar tendon reflex? The patellar tendon reflex (PSR) or “knee-cap reflex” is a reflex of its own that is frequently used in everyday clinical practice. This reflex is triggered by a light blow with the reflex hammer on the ligamentum patellae, a broad and strong ligament just below the patella, which represents … Patellar Tendon Reflex
Segments of the spinal column In humans, the sensitive neurons (afferences) move to the lumbar segments (lumbar vertebrae) L2-L4, in smaller animals to L3-L6. There the excitation is switched to the motor neurons (efferences) via one synapse each. These neurons pass through the plexus lumbalis and back to the muscle in the femoral nerve, where … Segments of the spinal column | Patellar Tendon Reflex
The pupillary reflex describes the involuntary adaptation of the eye to changing light conditions. The width of the pupil changes reflectively with incident light. This reflex is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system and plays an important role in visual acuity and in the protection of the retina. If the environment is very bright, the … The pupil reflex
How can the pupillary reflex be tested? The examination of the pupillary reflex is one of the standard examinations in neurology. The pupillary reflex can be tested by means of a flashlight examination. This involves illuminating one eye and examining the reaction of both eyes. If deviations occur, this is called anisocoria. Normally, the doctor … How can the pupillary reflex be tested? | The pupil reflex
What is the convergence reaction? The term convergence reaction describes the reflex process of the eye when the focus changes from a distant object to a near object. On the one hand, this results in a convergence movement of the eyes. This means that the pupils of both eyes are directed towards the center line … What is the convergence reaction? | The pupil reflex
What is the Tibial Posterior Reflex? The Tibialis-Posterior Reflex belongs to the muscular reflexes. This means that the blow to the tendon of the muscle triggers the reaction in the same muscle. The posterior tibialis muscle is located in the lower leg. When the corresponding tibialis posterior tendon is struck – i.e. a reflex is … The Tibialis Posterior Reflex
What does a weakening of the reflex indicate? A reflex always runs through two nerve connections: From the muscle up to the spinal cord and then back to the muscle where the muscle movement (contraction) is triggered. When damage occurs in the reflex arc, the reflex becomes stronger or weaker, depending on the extent of … What does a weakening of the reflex indicate? | The Tibialis Posterior Reflex