Esophagus, Stomach, Intestine

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate an incisional hernia (scar hernia): Visible swelling/protrusion/nodule or palpable protrusion in the area of the surgical scar (in the majority of cases) Initial appearance e.g. after physical work, lifting heavy loads, sports – spontaneous disappearance at rest. Later persistent (persistent) Note: The examination must be performed with the … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) In incisional hernia, the hernial orifice is formed by a scar that passes through all layers of the abdominal wall. Under stress, this diverges due to its lack of elasticity. Cicatricial hernia is the most common late complication of previous abdominal surgery. Approximately 20% of all abdominal surgery patients develop an … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Causes

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Therapy

General measures Recurrence prevention: to prevent recurrence of incisional hernia, the affected person should try to relieve the abdominal wall during all movements after surgery. Lifting and carrying heavy loads should be avoided for the first 3-6 months. Nicotine restriction (refrain from tobacco use) – leads to wound healing disorder due to negative influence on … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Therapy

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Prevention

To prevent xerostomia (dry mouth), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors.Behavioral risk factors Mouth breathing Stress Medication ACE inhibitors (benazepril, captopril, cilazapril, enalapril, fosinopril, imidapril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, spirapril, trandolapril, zofenopril). Alpha-2 agonists (apraclonidine, brimonidine, clonidine). Alpha-1 receptor blockers (bunazosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin). Anorectic (sibutramine). Anti-allergic (H1 antihistamines) Anticholinergics (ipratropium … Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Prevention

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

There are numerous typical symptoms that characterize xerostomia (dry mouth), leading to a significant reduction in quality of life for those affected. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate xerostomia: Dry mucous membranes – oral mucosa is atrophic, reddened and sensitive to pain. Sticking of the tongue to the mucous membranes; tongue surface occasionally shows … Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Therapy

In the therapy of patients with persistent xerostomia, a basic distinction can be made between causal and symptomatic therapy. Causal therapy In the case of dry mouth, the first step is to determine the cause. If possible, a change in medication may provide relief. In the case of irreversible damage to the salivary glands, for … Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Therapy

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia)

In incisional hernia – colloquially called incisional hernia – (Latin: hernia cicatrica; ICD-10-GM K43.0: incisional hernia with incarceration, without gangrene; ICD-10-GM K43.1: incisional hernia with gangrene; ICD-10-GM K43.2: incisional hernia without incarceration and without gangrene), the hernial orifice is formed by a scar that passes through all abdominal wall layers. Under stress, this diverges due … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia)

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Medical History

Medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of incisional hernia (incisional hernia). Family history Social history What is your occupation? Do you work physically hard? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have frequent pain in the area of the surgical scar? Have you noticed any … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Medical History

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99). Rectus diastasis – separation of the straight abdominal muscles (Mm. recti abdominis) in the area of the linea alba (vertical suture of connective tissue in the middle of the abdomen; extends from the processus xiphoideus (lower part of the sternum) to the symphysis pubica (pubic symphysis)); DD scar hernia … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by an incisional hernia (scar hernia): Skin and subcutaneous (L00-L99). Skin lesions over the hernia sac Mouth, esophagus (food pipe), stomach, and intestines (M00-M67; M90-M93). Inflammatio herniae (hernia inflammation). Ileus (intestinal obstruction) Incarceration – entrapment of the hernia with the risk … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Complications

Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Classification

Classification of incisional hernias Type Hernia gap extent in fascia level:Hernia gap in cm. Visibility, type of finding, reponibility (restoration to normal position). I <2 cm Hardly visible when standing or lying down; sonographic (ultrasound) or palpation (palpation) findings. II <4 cm Visible as a protrusion when standing, flat or spontaneously reducible when lying down … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Classification

Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Diagnostic Tests

Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Sialometry (determination of salivary flow rate) – this is the only objective procedure for detecting existing hyposalivation (oligosialia) or xerostomia.Salivary flow measurement provides volume values per unit time (ml/min is the unit commonly used in the literature). Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, … Dry Mouth (Xerostomia): Diagnostic Tests