An oral ulcer or oral ulcer (synonyms: Aphthae; Aphthe; ICD-10-GM K13.-: Other diseases of the lip and oral mucosa) is a superficial injury to the oral mucosa (tunica mucosa oris) and the oral pharynx. An oral ulcer can be a symptom of many diseases (see under “Differential diagnoses”). The lifetime prevalence (disease incidence throughout life) … Mouth Ulcer
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of oral ulcer. Family history What is the general health of your family members? Are there any diseases in your family that are common? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to harmful working substances in your profession? Current medical history/systemic … Mouth Ulcer: Medical History
Blood, blood-forming organs – immune system (D50-D90). Agranulocytosis – absence of granulocytes (immune defense cells). Iron deficiency anemia – anemia caused by a lack of iron. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Folic acid deficiency Vitamin B12 deficiency Skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00-L99) Bullous erythema exsudativum multiforme (disc rose) – acute inflammation occurring in the … Mouth Ulcer: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes [ulcer (ulcer)?, ulcers (ulcers)?, mucosal pallor] Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing knocking pain?) … Mouth Ulcer: Examination
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate anal fissure (anal fissure): Leading symptoms Defecation-dependent anal pain: pain in the anal area/anorectal pain (severe, stabbing), especially during defecation. Anal spasm Pruritus (itching) at the anus Bright bloody stool deposits (or bright red blood on the toilet paper). Note: if necessary, presence of higher-grade hemorrhoidal disease with … Anal Fissure: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) In the pathogenesis of primary anal fissures, hypertonicity of the sphincter muscle plays a central role. Consequently, all causes that increase sphincter tone (sphincter muscle tone) should be discussed. Classically, this is mainly constipation and hard stool. A secondary anal fissure is caused by an injury of the anal canal due … Anal Fissure: Causes
General measures Root Cause Remediation: Stool regulation Sitz baths (increase patient comfort but are not thought to affect healing rates). Aim for normal weight! Determination of BMI (body mass index, body mass index) or body composition by means of electrical impedance analysis and, if necessary, participation in a medically supervised weight loss program. Conventional non-surgical … Anal Fissure: Therapy
The diagnosis of incisional hernia (scar hernia) is made on the basis of history and physical examination. 2nd order laboratory parameters – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification Small blood count Differential blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
The diagnosis of incisional hernia (scar hernia) is made on the basis of history and physical examination. Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnosis. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs) – for visualization of the … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Diagnostic Tests
According to current doctrine, an incisional hernia (scar hernia) should be operated on. Incisional hernia surgery can be performed as conventional open surgery or laparoscopically (via laparoscopy). Surgical Procedures Treatment by direct suture; indication: smaller scar hernias (< 2-4 cm). Implantation of a synthetic mesh (open or laparoscopic technique). Sublay mesh position (retromuscular/posterior to muscle). … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Surgical Therapy
To prevent incisional hernia (scar hernia), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) Physical activity Heavy physical work Underweight (reduced nutritional and general condition). Overweight (BMI ≥ 25; obesity). Surgical measures for the prophylaxis of an incisional hernia. Continuous all-layer abdominal wall closure. Thread length-to-wound … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate an incisional hernia (scar hernia): Visible swelling/protrusion/nodule or palpable protrusion in the area of the surgical scar (in the majority of cases) Initial appearance e.g. after physical work, lifting heavy loads, sports – spontaneous disappearance at rest. Later persistent (persistent) Note: The examination must be performed with the … Incisional Hernia (Scar Hernia): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
