Heart Attack

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (observation) [among other things, because of possible secondary disease: heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)] Skin and mucous membranes [cold sweat, pallor]. Neck vein congestion? Auscultation (listening) of the heart [to exclude … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Examination

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Test and Diagnosis

Enzyme diagnostics can be used to detect cardiac muscle-specific isoenzymes in blood serum that are present in elevated concentrations after myocardial infarction. 1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Myoglobin – early diagnosis or exclusion of myocardial necrosis (cell death of the heart muscle) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Troponin T (TnT) – high cardiospecificity with high … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Test and Diagnosis

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Diagnostic Tests

From the first medical contact of a patient to the ECG diagnosis, a maximum of only ten minutes may pass! Obligatory medical device diagnostics Electrocardiogram (ECG; recording of the electrical activity of the heart muscle)* – during and after the occurrence of an infarction, in many cases it is evident on the ECG, primarily by … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Diagnostic Tests

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Micronutrient Therapy

Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used to prevent myocardial infarction (heart attack): Vitamins C, E, beta-carotene, B6, B12, and folic acid. Mineral magnesium Trace element selenium Omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid Isoflavones genistein, daidzein, glycitein; flavonoids hesperitin and naringenin. Dietary fiber Coenzyme Q10 … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Micronutrient Therapy

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Surgical Therapy

After an infarction, patients must first receive intensive medical care. This is followed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the infarct artery (= the causative coronary stenosis; see below) in the case of STEMI. Ideally, the time to PCI should be less than 90 minutes. The decisive factor is the time at which the … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Surgical Therapy

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Prevention

To prevent myocardial infarction (heart attack), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Excessive caloric intake and high-fat diet (high intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids – found especially in convenience foods, frozen foods, fast foods, snacks). Increased homocysteine due to deficiency of vitamin B6, B12 and … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Prevention

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by myocardial infarction (heart attack): Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Diabetes mellitus type 2 Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Acute cardiac death due to pump failure Angina pectoris (“chest tightness”; sudden pain in the region of the heart) – myocardial infarction patients … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Complications

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Classification

According to ECG manifestations, acute coronary syndrome (AKS; acute coronary syndrome, ACS) is classified as follows (modified from): Non-ST elevation Unstable angina* (UA; ” chest tightness”/heart pain with inconsistent symptoms) or NSTEMI* * – English non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction. This type is smaller than a myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, but NSTEMI mostly affects high-risk patients … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Classification

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate an acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). These are particularly common during the morning hours, but in principle a myocardial infarction can occur at any time of day or night. Often, the infarction occurs during or after physical or emotional stress. Thoracic pain (chest wall pain/chest pain): radiating chest … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Acute myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow in one of the coronary arteries (arteries that surround the heart in a wreath shape and supply blood to the heart muscle) suddenly dries up due to occlusion by a thrombus (“blood clot“). Even before complete occlusion, the coronary arteries show signs of narrowing … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Causes

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Therapy

Suspicion of myocardial infarction: call 911 immediately! (Call number 112) General measures Adjustment of existing underlying diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia/gout, hypercholesterolemia/elevated cholesterol blood levels, homocysteinemia/elevated homocysteine blood levels, etc.) to optimal levels. Optimal dental hygiene! – poor dental hygiene can lead to gingivitis (inflammation of the gums) or periodontitis (inflammation of the tooth bed) … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Therapy

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (heart attack). Family History Are there any people in your family who have had a heart attack or other vascular disease such as stroke? Social history What is your profession? Is there smoking in your environment, i.e. you are a … Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack): Medical History