High-normal blood pressure levels (130 to 139 mmHg systolic and or 85 to 89 mmHg diastolic) should be lowered primarily by diet (see under General Measures and Nutritional Medicine) and lifestyle modification (see under Exercise and Psychotherapy). If there is a slightly increased cardiovascular risk, these measures should precede drug therapy for a period of … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Therapy
Regulation of blood pressure Arterial blood pressure exhibits a pulsatile character, with the maximum value of these variations called systolic (highest blood pressure value resulting from the systole (contraction/extension and ejection phase of the heart) of the heart) and the minimum called diastolic (lowest blood pressure value occurring during the diastole (relaxation and filling phase) … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Physiology
To prevent primary hypertension (high blood pressure), attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Chronic overeating High fat diet (animal fats) – as a cofactor. High proportion of saturated fatty acids High sugar consumption Consumption of red meat, i.e. muscle meat of pork, beef, lamb, veal, mutton, horse, sheep, goat. … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Prevention
Elevated blood pressure is generally asymptomatic, that is, without symptoms, and the patient has no complaints. Sometimes patients may complain of a morning headache-preferably occipital (“toward the back of the head“)-that disappears immediately after getting out of bed.In the setting of hypertension (high blood pressure), the following nonspecific complaints may occur: Dizziness Headache Nervousness Visual … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Arterial hypertension is characterized by increased cardiac output (CV) and/or peripheral resistance. This results in vessel wall changes and a further increase in blood pressure during the course of the disease.The main feature of elevated isolated systolic blood pressure is arterial stiffness. In primary essential hypertension, the pathogenesis is still unknown. … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Causes
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure* , pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) [especially due topossible sequelae: heart failure (cardiac insufficiency)]. Skin and mucous membranes Neck vein congestion? Edema (praetibial edema?/water retention in the area of the lower leg/before the tibia, … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Examination
1st-order laboratory parameters-obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Urine status (rapid test for: pH, protein, glucose), sediment if necessary; test for microalbuminuria (excretion of small amounts of albumin (20 to 200 mg/l or 30 to 300 mg per day) with urine). Renal parameters – uric acid, urea, creatinine if necessary creatinine clearance. Electrolytes (blood salts) … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic Targets The German Hypertension League e.V. (DHL) recommends a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg; for all cardiovascular risk patients, a blood pressure goal of <135/85 mmHg (target corridor: systolic blood pressure: 125-134 mmHg). Cardiovascular risk patients include: Patients with existing cardiovascular disease (excluding apoplexy patients). Patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3 or … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Repeated blood pressure measurement on both arms with cuff adjusted to arm circumference. Measurement conditions: Blood pressure measurement after a five-minute relaxation period and at rest. Three blood pressure measurements are then taken at intervals of one to two minutes. From these, the mean value is calculated. [Only after at least … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Diagnostic Tests
A risk group indicates the possibility that the disease may be associated with the risk of vital nutrient deficiency. The complaint primary essential hypertension indicates a vital nutrient deficiency for Vitamin C Within the framework of micronutrient medicine, the following vital substances (micronutrients) are used for prevention. Vitamin C Calcium Potassium Magnesium Omega-3 fatty acid … High Blood Pressure (Arterial Hypertension): Micronutrient Therapy
1st order. In secondary forms of arterial hypertension, surgery can eliminate the cause in some cases: Tumors of the adrenal gland (eg, primary hyperaldosteronism/Conn syndrome). Renal artery stenosis → interventional renal sympathetic denervation (see under Therapy).
Just as with medicine, homeopathic remedies are also divided into remedies for so-called essential hypertension with unknown cause on the one hand and secondary hypertension with known cause on the other. The homeopathic remedy is found after an intensive questioning (anamnesis) of the patient. Homeopathic remedies can be used concomitantly, after consultation with the physician. … Homeopathic medicines for high blood pressure
