To prevent cystitis (bladder infection), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Inadequate fluid intake – the better the urinary bladder is “flushed,” the less likely it is to be inflamedNote: Drink an adequate but not excessive amount of fluids. Excessive fluid intake can dilute antimicrobial peptides present in … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate cystitis (bladder infection) or lower UTI* : Pollakiuria – urge to urinate frequently without increased urination. Dysuria – painful urge to urinate with difficulty urinating. Nocturia – urination at night Strangury – unsuppressible urge to urinate with pain, which leads only to emptying a few droplets of urine. … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Cystitis (bladder inflammation) is usually caused by an ascending (ascending) infection from the urethra.For this purpose, pathogenic (disease-causing) pathogens accumulate on the urothelial cells (transitional epithelium lining the renal calices, renal pelvis, urinary bladder and, in men, the upper urethra) with the help of so-called adhesins. After this colonization, inflammatory processes … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Causes
General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! (Lack of hygiene – but also exaggerated hygiene can be the cause of cystitis). Attention to behavioral risk factors. Use of vaginal diaphragms and spermicides – this alters the normal bacterial vaginal flora, so there may be an increase in E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria in the … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Therapy
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Auscultation (listening) of the heart Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Examination
Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Urinalysis by test strip: A rapid test for nitrite detects nitrite-forming bacteria in the urine, if necessary. [Nitrate detection in urinary tract infection (UTI): 95% with positive nitrate test have positive cultures, however, also 45% with negative test, this especially in infants] Likewise, leukocyturia (increased … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic target Treatment of the bacterial infection and thus avoidance of complications. Therapy recommendations Please note the different recommendations for the following patient groups with uncomplicated UTI (urinary tract infection). A. Non-pregnant women in premenopause (stage of life: approximately ten to fifteen years before menopause/very last menstrual period) without other relevant concomitant diseases. B. Pregnant … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, etc. – for differential diagnostic workup Renal ultrasonography (ultrasound examination of the kidneys) including the draining urinary tract – if pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis) is suspected to exclude complicating factors. Rectal prostate ultrasonography – when prostatitis (prostatitis) … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Diagnostic Tests
Within the framework of micronutrient medicine (vital substances), the following vital substances are used for the prevention and supportive therapy of cystitis: Probiotics The above vital substance recommendations were created with the help of medical experts. All statements are supported by scientific studies with high levels of evidence. For a therapy recommendation, only clinical studies … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Micronutrient Therapy
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of cystitis (bladder infection). The sensitivity (percentage of diseased patients in whom the disease is detected by the use of history, i.e., a positive result occurs) by a typical history ranges from 50 to 80 percent! Family history Social anamnesis Is there any … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). BK (polyoma) virus infection – in immunocompromised patients, BK virus (polyoma virus) can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis (cystitis of the bladder with severe, visible blood admixture to the urine) Gonorrhea (gonorrhea) Genital herpes – sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes virus. Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48). Urinary bladder carcinoma … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important conditions or complications that may be contributed to by cystitis (bladder infection): Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (O00-O99). Preterm birth Reduced birth weight Increased neonatal mortality (mortality) and preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy) Genitourinary tract (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99). Acute renal insufficiency (acute renal failure/ANV). Acute … Inflammation of the Bladder (Cystitis): Complications
