The following are the most important conditions or complications that may be contributed to by cystitis (bladder infection):
Pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium (O00-O99).
- Preterm birth
- Reduced birth weight
- Increased neonatal mortality (mortality) and preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy)
Genitourinary tract (kidneys, urinary tract – reproductive organs) (N00-N99).
- Acute renal insufficiency (acute renal failure/ANV).
- Acute pyelonephritis (aPN; renal pelvic inflammation) – in the presence of vesicoureteral reflux (reflux of urine from the bladder via the ureters (ureters) into the renal pelvis) or pyelorenal reflux and simultaneous insufficient treatment of cystitis; can develop further into urosepsis (blood poisoning originating from the urinary tract) with progressive renal failure requiring dialysis and possibly Multi-organ failure (MODS, Multi organ dysfunction syndrome; MOF: Multi organ failure; simultaneous or sequential failure or severe functional impairment of various vital organ systems of the body).
- Chronic cystitis – due toinadequate antibiotic therapy; in men, may extend to chronic prostatitis (prostatitis) with perineal, micturition, and ejaculatory pain (pain in the perineal area, during urination, and during ejaculation)
- Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)/orchitis (inflammation of the testicles).
- Malakoplakia – rare chronic inflammatory disease associated with visible plaque-like or tumor-like, white-gray deposits in the mucous membranes of the bladder, but also the ureters (ureters) and prostate; occurrence preferentially in kidney transplant patients as chronic bladder and urinary tract infections (UTIs) that have not been adequately treated.
- Nephrosclerosis (non-inflammatory kidney disease (nephropathy) due to hypertension (arterial hypertension)) – indirect consequence of inadequately treated urinary tract infection.
- Renal abscess (purulent inflammation of the kidney).
- Paranephritic abscess – accumulation of pus in the fatty tissue, which is located around the kidney.
- Prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate)
- Pyonephrosis – septic urinary stasis kidney.
- Shrinking bladder
- Urosepsis (blood poisoning originating from the urinary tract) – there is a low risk for this in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, but there is a high risk in complicated urinary tract infections
Prognostic factors
- Diabetes mellitus – in diabetic patients, not only is the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) significantly increased, but the disease is more likely to take a complicated course (e.g. Pyelonephritis (inflammation of the renal pelvis) with tubulointerstitial damage and consecutive disturbance of kidney function, abscess formation (formation of a pus cavity), chronification of the disease, metabolic decompensation, life-threatening sepsis (urosepsis)); potential long-term complication is renal insufficiency (kidney weakness) with dialysis requirement.
