Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis. Family history Social history Is there any evidence of psychosocial stress or strain due to your family situation? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). How often do you need to urinate (including at night)? Do you have pain … Interstitial Cystitis: Medical History
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Chlamydia Genital herpes – sexually transmitted disease caused by the herpes virus. HPV infection (human papillomavirus) Mycoplasma Varicella zoster virus – virus from the group of herpes viruses that can cause chickenpox and shingles (herpes zoster) in humans. Mouth, esophagus (esophagus), stomach and intestines (K00-K67; K90-K93). Chronic inflammatory bowel disease … Interstitial Cystitis: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by interstitial cystitis: Psyche – Nervous System (F00-F99; G00-G99). Depression Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) Fatigue Daytime sleepiness Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99) Vaginitis (inflammation of the vagina). Cystitis (inflammation of … Interstitial Cystitis: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Auscultation (listening) of the heart Auscultation of the lungs Palpation (palpation) of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, tapping pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, … Interstitial Cystitis: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, blood), sediment. Urine cytology – in the case of sterile leukocyturia (excretion of white blood cells with urine without the presence of urinary tract infection) and / or microhematuria (presence of blood in the urine (hematuria), which … Interstitial Cystitis: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Symptomatic therapy – primarily analgesia (pain relief). Restoration of the damaged GAG layer/bladder protective layer (GAG = glycosaminoglycans) of the mucosa of the bladder wall. Relaxation of detrusor cells (Musculus detrusor vesicae/smooth muscle cells in the bladder wall). Influencing the activity of mast cells Immunomodulation (influencing the immune system). Prevention of infections Therapy … Interstitial Cystitis: Drug Therapy
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Urethrocystoscopy (urethrocystoscopy) with hydrodistension (overdistension of the urinary bladder) – Under anesthesia, the urinary bladder is dilated with isotonic saline. The overdistension can reveal characteristic glomerulations (pinhead-sized hemorrhages in the bladder wall) as well as mucosal tears (“mucosa cracking”). To rule out carcinoma in situ, a biopsy (tissue sample) is usually … Interstitial Cystitis: Diagnostic Tests
Surgery is required in cases of nonresponse to standard therapeutic procedures and high levels of distress: Coagulation (fulguration)/laser destruction. Procedure: If Hunner lesions are detected, they can be coagulated or destroyed by laser. Benefit: Over 90% of patients experience symptom relief for one to three years as a result. However, recurrence of lesions is to … Interstitial Cystitis: Surgical Therapy
To prevent interstitial cystitis, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) – smokers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of interstitial cystitis Tea drinkers have a 2.4-fold increased risk of interstitial cystitis Psycho-social situation Stress – Can lead to a flare-up of symptoms, but does not … Interstitial Cystitis: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate interstitial cystitis (IC): Main symptoms Alguria (pain during urination). Pollakisuria (agonizing urge to urinate frequently without increased urination) with nocturia (nocturnal urination) – up to 60 toilet trips in 24 hours Genitourinary pelvic pain (stabbing) – pain radiates to the back, bowel, pelvic floor and genitals Secondary symptoms … Interstitial Cystitis: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Interstitial cystitis is due to chronic progressive (progressive) inflammation of all layers of the urinary bladder wall. It is considered an entity (object of consideration, which in itself is a separate entity or whole) of the hypersensitive bladder (HSB). The following idiopathic genetic factors are possible or discussed: Dysfunction of the … Interstitial Cystitis: Causes
General measures Avoid wearing tight clothing. Regarding sports and sexual practices must be tried individually what is possible. Nicotine restriction (abstaining from tobacco use) – smokers have a 1.7-fold increased risk of interstitial cystitis. Tea drinkers have a 2.4-fold increased risk of interstitial cystitis Limited alcohol consumption (men: max. 25 g alcohol per day; women: … Interstitial Cystitis: Therapy
