Kidney Stones or Nephrolithiasis

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Urine status (rapid test for: pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, blood), sediment, urine culture (pathogen detection and resistogram, that is, testing suitable antibiotics for sensitivity / resistance). Electrolytes – calcium Renal parameters … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Test and Diagnosis

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Improvement of pain symptoms Therapy recommendations Note: According to the current S2k guideline, patients with newly diagnosed ureteral stone up to 7 mm in diameter can wait for spontaneous discharge with regular monitoring. The most common treatment for acute renal colic is conservative therapy with the goal of spontaneous stone clearance (expulsion; medical … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Drug Therapy

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Diagnostic Tests

Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Abdominal ultrasonography (ultrasonography of abdominal organs) – for basic diagnosis in adults, pregnant women, and children; also to exclude common differential diagnoses [sensitivity of ultrasonography (percentage of diseased patients in whom the disease is detected by use of the procedure, i.e., a positive finding occurs), especially in combination with calyx dilatation … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Diagnostic Tests

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). Family history Is there a frequent history of kidney disease/metabolic disorders in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you suffer from burning/pain when urinating? How often do you need to urinate? What … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Medical History

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Ruptured aortic aneurysm (outpouching of the aorta that has ruptured) – usually left-sided rupture with continuous pain (annihilation pain) and tendency to collapse; possible additional symptoms: diffuse abdominal (stomach) and back pain, a poorly palpable inguinal (groin) pulse of variable intensity, and dizziness Liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts-pancreas (pancreas) (K70-K77; K80-K87). Cholelithiasis … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Prevention

To prevent nephrolithiasis (kidney stones), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Diet Dehydration – dehydration of the body due to fluid loss or lack of fluid intake. Malnutrition High-protein (high-protein) diet (animal protein). High intake of oxalic acid-containing foods (chard, cocoa powder, spinach, rhubarb). High intake of calcium High … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Prevention

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Stone Analysis

After the kidney stone has been expelled, it should definitely be examined for its composition, as this is the only way to ensure safe and effective therapy and prophylaxis. Stone analysis is performed using physical methods such as infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. These detect the composition of the respective stone on the basis … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Stone Analysis

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate nephrolithiasis (kidney stones): Leading symptoms of renal colic Contraction-like or cramping mid-abdominal and/or low back pain (renal colic; ureteral colic/ureteral colic) (up to annihilation pain). Nausea (nausea) Vomiting Hematuria (blood in the urine): microhematuria and macrohematuria (microhematuria: no discoloration of the urine; only in the microscopic image erythrocytes … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of urinary stone formation is not yet fully understood. However, it is clear that it is a multifactorial event. Two hypotheses are discussed Crystallization theory – concretion formation in a supersaturated solution. Colloid theory – accumulation of urinary salts on urinary organic substances. Probably a combination of both theories … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Causes

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Therapy

Inpatient admission is required if the patient is unable to drink or has concomitant fever and/or pain requiring i.v. administration of analgesics (pain relievers). The following measures are essentially for urinary stone prophylaxis: General measures Consistent fluid intake of 2.5 to 3 liters. In case of great heat or sweaty physical exertion, the drinking quantity … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Therapy

Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Surgical Therapy

The most common treatment for acute renal colic is conservative therapy (adequate fluid intake, analgesics (pain relievers), and the alpha-blocker tamsulosin) with the goal of spontaneous stone clearance (expulsion; medical expulsive therapy, MET). For more information, see “Drug therapy“. Note According to the current S2k guideline, patients with newly diagnosed ureteral stone up to 7 … Kidney Stones (Nephrolithiasis): Surgical Therapy