Pathogenesis (disease development) In subclavian steal syndrome, the subclavian artery (subclavian artery) is affected, arising on the right as a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk (arm-head vascular trunk; first major arterial branch of the aorta) and on the left directly from the aortic arch. As it continues, it becomes the axillary artery (axillary artery). If … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Causes
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome. Family history Is there a history of frequent cardiovascular disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Are you in pain? Where is the pain localized? In both arms equally? When does the … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Medical History
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Hypertensive encephalopathy – hypertensive emergency characterized by an increase in intracranial (within the skull) pressure with consequent intracranial pressure signs. Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull; parenchymal, subarachnoid, sub- and epidural, and supra- and infratentorial hemorrhage)/intracerebral hemorrhage (ICB; cerebral hemorrhage), unspecified Sinus … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by subclavian steal syndrome: Cardiovascular system (I00-I99). Complications due to atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries) in general.
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse (on both arms!), body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Extremities [due tosymptom: pallor/coldness of the affected arm]. Palpation of peripheral pulses [due topossible cause: atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis; hardening of the arteries)] Auscultation … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Small blood count Inflammatory parameters – CRP (C-reactive protein) or ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Fasting glucose (fasting blood glucose), if necessary oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). Coagulation parameters – PTT, Quick Cholesterol (LDL and HDL cholesterol) Triglycerides Laboratory parameters of 2nd order – depending on the results … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Test and Diagnosis
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Computed tomography (CT; cross-sectional imaging (radiographs taken from different directions with computer-based analysis)) with angiography of the brain/neck/thorax – for imaging of intra- and extracranial vessels. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI; computer-assisted cross-sectional imaging (using magnetic fields, that is, without X-rays)) with angiography of the brain/neck/thorax – for imaging of intra- and extracranial … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Diagnostic Tests
1st order Dilatation (widening) of the narrowed artery with a balloon catheter is a surgical option. A stent (vascular support) may need to be inserted to keep the narrowed area open. If dilatation with stent implantation is not possible, then bypass surgery is a possibility. This involves creating a bypass around the narrowed artery.
Usually, subclavian steal syndrome is asymptomatic. However, the following symptoms and complaints may indicate subclavian steal syndrome: Ataxia (gait disturbances) Unconsciousness, seizure-like Paleness/coldness of the affected arm Tinnitus (ringing in the ears), unspecified Pain in the affected arm Vertigo (dizziness), seizure-like Arm raising as a trigger for blackness in front of eyes. Visual disturbances, unspecified … Subclavian Steal Syndrome: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
