Thyroid Gland

Parathyroid Hyperfunction (Hyperparathyroidism): Surgical Therapy

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) Indications for surgery in confirmed primary hyperparathyroidism: Serum calcium > 3 mmol/l Organ manifestations (see under “Symptoms – Complaints”). Dysfunction (see under “Symptoms – Complaints”). Experienced hypercalcemic crisis (combination of cardiac arrhythmias/arrhythmias, vomiting/vomiting, nausea/nausea, fever, desiccosis/dehydration, polyuria/increased urination, impaired consciousness). Mineral salt content of bone more than 2 SD (standard deviation; standard … Parathyroid Hyperfunction (Hyperparathyroidism): Surgical Therapy

Parathyroid Hyperfunction (Hyperparathyroidism): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate primary hyperparathyroidism: Kidney-related (40-50%) Functional disturbances (reversible/reversible). Electrolyte loss Hypokalemia (potassium deficiency) Hyposthenuria (reduced concentration performance of the kidneys). Polydipsia (abnormally increased thirst). Polyuria (abnormally increased urine output) Decompensation in parathyrotoxic crisis. In advanced stages: oliguria (< 500 ml urine/24 hrs) → anuria (< 100 ml urine/24 hrs) … Parathyroid Hyperfunction (Hyperparathyroidism): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Latent Hyperthyroidism

Latent (subclinical) hyperthyroidism (synonyms: compensated hyperthyroidism; latent hyperthyroidism; latent hyperthyroidism; latent hyperthyroidism; subclinical hyperthyroidism; subclinical hyperthyroidism; ICD-10-GM E05.8: Other hyperthyroidism) refers to a “mild” hyperthyroidism that is usually manifested only by a change in the thyroid parameter TSH. The TSH value is then below 0.3 mU/l, with normal free T4 (fT4) at the same time. … Latent Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Prevention

To prevent hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) Psycho-social situation Stress Prophylaxis of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism by iodine-containing contrast media “Prophylaxis of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: administration of 900 mg sodium perchlorate daily, plus optionally 10-20 mg/d thiamazole at least 2-4 hours before contrast administration … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Prevention

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid): Leading symptoms Basal metabolic rate Increase in body temperature → heat intolerance or hypersensitivity to heat (thermophobia). Sweating including night sweats (night sweats). Moist warm skin Weight loss (despite increased appetite) Cardial (cardiovascular) Tachycardia – heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute [cardiac output … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of hyperthyroidism is mostly Graves’ disease. As a result, too much T3 and T4 and too little TSH is found in the blood due to the formation of TSH receptor autoantibodies. In addition to Graves’ disease, thyroid autonomy (independent thyroid hormone production) due to iodine deficiency can also lead … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Causes

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Therapy

General measures In case of orbitopathy (protrusion of the eyeballs) – use artificial tears and tinted glasses with side shields if needed, and adopt a relatively upright sleeping position if possible; furthermore, the eyelids can be taped shut during sleep During radiological examinations (e.g., CT, angiography), iodine-containing contrast medium must not be administered because of … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Therapy

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)

Hypothyroidism (synonyms: Hypothyroidism; hypothyroidism; cretinism; myxedema; hypothyroidism; ICD-10-GM E03.-: Other hypothyroidism) refers to hypothyroidism. The body no longer receives an adequate supply of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). The main result is that metabolic processes in the body are slowed down and performance is reduced. The cause of this dysfunction of the … Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid)

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). Family history Is there a frequent history of thyroid disease in your family? Are there any hereditary diseases in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? Weight gain … Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Medical History

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Drug Therapy

Therapeutic target Achieve a euthyroid metabolic state (= thyroid levels in the normal range). Therapy recommendations Hyperthyroidism Thyrostatic agents (drugs that inhibit thyroid function: thiamazole, carbimazole) because of hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease and autonomy M. Graves’ disease: one-year (to one and a half years) thyrostatic therapy. SD autonomy: hyperthyroidism is treated with medication only until … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Drug Therapy