Thyroid Gland

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

The following symptoms and complaints may indicate hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid): Leading symptoms Basal metabolic rate Increase in body temperature → heat intolerance or hypersensitivity to heat (thermophobia). Sweating including night sweats (night sweats). Moist warm skin Weight loss (despite increased appetite) Cardial (cardiovascular) Tachycardia – heartbeat too fast: > 100 beats per minute [cardiac output … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Symptoms, Complaints, Signs

Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of hyperthyroidism is mostly Graves’ disease. As a result, too much T3 and T4 and too little TSH is found in the blood due to the formation of TSH receptor autoantibodies. In addition to Graves’ disease, thyroid autonomy (independent thyroid hormone production) due to iodine deficiency can also lead … Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid): Causes

Goiter: Complications

The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by goiter (goiter): Respiratory system (J00-J99) Tracheomalacia (synonym: saber sheath trachea) – disease characterized by slackening of the trachea. Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Recurrent goiter – recurrence of thyroid enlargement. Circulatory system (I00-I99) Upper influence stasis* (OES) – symptom … Goiter: Complications

Goiter: Classification

Classification of goiter according to ICD-10 Iodine-deficiency-related diffuse goiter (E01.0). Iodine deficiency-related multinodular goiter (E01.1) Iodine deficiency-related goiter, unspecified (E01.2) Congenital hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism) with diffuse goiter E03.0) Non-toxic diffuse goiter (E04.0) Non-toxic solitary thyroid nodule (E04.2) Non-toxic multinodular goiter (E04.2) Other specified nontoxic goiter (E04.8). Nontoxic goiter, unspecified (E04.9) Hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism) with diffuse goiter (E05.0) … Goiter: Classification

Goiter: Examination

A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing) of skin and mucous membranes [possible symptoms: Upper influence congestion (OES): congestion of the veins of the head and upper limbs due to compression of the vena cavae. Horner … Goiter: Examination

Goiter: Test and Diagnosis

Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests. Thyroid parameters: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), fT3 (triiodothyronine), fT4 (thyroxine) – for all nodules greater than 1 cm in diameter to assess thyroid functionNote: If TSH is elevated or decreased, free peripheral thyroid hormones fT3 and fT4 should also be determined. Laboratory parameters 2nd order – … Goiter: Test and Diagnosis

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Causes

Pathogenesis (development of disease) Iodine deficiency is still the most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide. In congenital (inherited) hypothyroidism, the defect is most often due to thyroid dysgenesis (thyroid malformation), and less commonly to a genetic defect in hormone synthesis. The pathogenesis of autoimmune hypothyroidism is based in part on genetic disorders as well as … Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Causes

Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Therapy

General measures Review of permanent medication due topossible effect on existing disease. Regular check-ups Regular medical checkups Nutritional medicine Nutritional counseling based on nutritional analysis Nutritional recommendations according to a mixed diet taking into account the disease at hand. This means, among other things: Daily total of 5 servings of fresh vegetables and fruits (≥ … Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid): Therapy

Goiter: Medical History

Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of goiter (goiter). Family history Is there a frequent history of thyroid disease in your family? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Have you noticed any enlargement of the thyroid gland? If so, during what time period did it … Goiter: Medical History

Goiter: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis

Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90). Goiter with hypothyroidism (hypothyroidism): Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland). Late stage thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland). Genetic defects of thyroid hormone synthesis: Defective thyroperoxidase Missing deiodinase Defective iodine transport Thyroid hormone resistance (rare): defect of thyroid hormone receptor → T3↑, T4↑ and TSH normal; usually … Goiter: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis