Interactions of cobalamin (vitamin B12) with other micronutrients (vital substances): Vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folic acid The metabolism of homocysteine, which plays a mediating role in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids, provides an example of the interdependence of vital substances to optimize or maintain physiological functions and thus health.Healthy individuals can metabolize homocysteine … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Interactions
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to the following clinical problems: Pallor, fatigue, dizziness, and heart failure triggered by megaloblastic anemia. This anemia (anemia) is caused by a disorder in the formation of erythrocytes (red blood cells). Neurological symptoms such as insensitivity, gait unsteadiness, tendency to fall in the dark, and disturbances in depth sensitivity and paralysis. … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Symptoms of Deficiency
Risk groups for cobalamin deficiency include individuals with: Inadequate intake, especially older women or men (>= 65 years). Long-term malnutrition and malnutrition, such as vegans, strict vegetarians. Decreased ability to digest protein / disruption of the release of the vitamin from food. “food-cobalamin malabsorption”, for example in hyperchlorhydria, pancreatic insufficiency, gastritis / Helicobacter pylori infection, … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Risk Groups
The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last evaluated vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Safety Assessment
In the National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II, 2008), the dietary behavior of the population was investigated for Germany and it was shown how this affects the average daily nutrient intake with macro- and micronutrients (vital substances). The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) are used as the basis for … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Supply Situation
The intake recommendations (D-A-CH reference values) of the German Nutrition Society (DGE) presented below are aimed at healthy people of normal weight. They do not refer to the supply of sick and convalescent people. Individual requirements may therefore be higher than the DGE recommendations (e.g. due to diet, consumption of stimulants, long-term medication, etc.). Furthermore, … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Intake
Coenzyme function Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, as coenzyme forms of vitamin B12, are involved in three cobalamin-dependent metabolic reactions. Adenosylcobalamin acts in the mitochondria (power plants of cells). Mitochondria are responsible for energy production as part of cellular respiration and are found particularly in cells with high energy consumption, such as muscle, nerve, sensory and oocytes.Methylcobalamin … Cobalamin (Vitamin B12): Functions
