Pathogenesis (development of disease) The cause of myopia is a mismatch between the refractive power and the axial length of the eyeball. This results in a focal point in front of the retina. This leads to the fact that on the retina only a blurred image is shown. Thus, only objects close to the eye … Nearsightedness: Causes
Conventional nonsurgical therapy methods In myopia, eyeglasses or contact lenses are used to try to reduce refractive power. This is done through diverging lenses – also called minus or concave lenses. If children or adolescents want contact lenses instead of glasses, should preferably be prescribed form stable (“hard”) contact lenses, because of lower risk of … Nearsightedness: Therapy
Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Myopia maligna (progressiva) – form of myopia that is constantly progressive. Myopia simplex (school myopia) – form of myopia that manifests itself from about the age of ten; usually does not progress after the age of 20.
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by myopia (nearsightedness): Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Ablatio retinae (retinal detachment). Degenerative eye disease (22-fold increased risk with myopia higher than -10 dpt (0.4% of adults)) Glaucoma (glaucoma; occurs more frequently in myopia). Cataract (cataract; disease occurs earlier in myopia). … Nearsightedness: Complications
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Eyes Ophthalmological examination [due topossible sequelae: ablatio retinae (retinal detachment)]. Measurement of myopia by means of visual acuity measurement. Refraction test – measurement of the … Nearsightedness: Examination
Obligatory medical device diagnostics. Refraction determination (determination of the refractive power of the eyes). Ophthalmoscopy (ocular fundus examination).
The following surgical procedures may be used for myopia: Radical keratotomy Incision of the cornea to reduce refractive power; rarely performed today. Intrastromal corneal ring segments (INTACS) Insertion of small half rings in front of the cornea; used for myopia up to – 4.0 diopters Photorefractive keratectomy flattening of the cornea; use in myopia up … Nearsightedness: Surgical Therapy
To prevent myopia (nearsightedness), attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral causes Staying in rooms with little daylight (5-fold risk). Spending little time outdoors (“outdoor time”) and a lot of time doing close work (“near-vision time”) (15.9-fold increased risk) Close work on the smartphone, computer, TV or other media. Prevention factors (protective … Nearsightedness: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate myopia (nearsightedness): Pathognomonic (evidencing a disease). Objects in the distance are seen blurred, while objects close to the eye can be seen well
Medical history (history of the patient) is an important component in the diagnosis of myopia (nearsightedness). Family History Is there a history of frequent eye disease in your family? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). Do you have difficulty seeing objects that are in the distance in focus? How long has … Nearsightedness: Medical History