Pathogenesis (disease development) The unencapsulated form of Haemophilus influenzae colonizes the mucosa (mucous membrane) of the nasopharynx (nasopharyngeal cavity) and represents part of the normal flora of humans. The capsule is an important pathogenicity factor: encapsulated H. influenzae is obligate pathogen (pathogen that also infects a healthy, immunocompetent host).Encapsulated strains can often be detected in … Haemophilus Influenzae: Causes
Respiratory System (J00-J99) Bronchitis Epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis) Pneumonia (pneumonia) Sinusitis (sinusitis) Eyes and eye appendages (H00-H59). Conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis). Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99). Sepsis (blood poisoning) Ears – mastoid process (H60-H95) Otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear) Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99) Meningitis (meningitis).
The following are the most important diseases or complications that may be contributed to by Haemophilus influenzae: Respiratory system (J00-J99) Bronchitis Epiglottitis (epiglottitis; synonym: laryngitis supraglottica ) – acute, purulent inflammation of the epiglottis, occurring almost exclusively in young children, as a result of infection with Haemophilus influenzae; leads to death in 24-48 hours if … Haemophilus Influenzae: Complications
The Hib vaccination is a standard vaccination (regular vaccination) administered by means of an inactivated vaccine.The bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b causes diseases such as meningitis (meningitis), pneumonias (pneumonia), or epiglottitis (epiglottitis), especially in infants and children under six years of age. Infection is transmitted by droplet infection or direct contact with secretions or contaminated … Haemophilus Influenzae B Vaccination
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, body weight, body height; further: Inspection (viewing). Skin and mucous membranes Throat Eyes including the sclerae (white part of the eye) [conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva)]. Abdomen (abdomen) Shape of the abdomen? Skin … Haemophilus Influenzae: Examination
1st order laboratory parameters – obligatory laboratory tests. Pathogen culture* from blood, CSF, pus, etc. (Caveat: rapid processing, because low environmental resistance). Microscopic preparation* and detection of capsular antigens as rapid detection in meningitis (meningitis). * Direct or indirect detection of the pathogen is reportable under the Infection Protection Act (IfSG), if the evidence indicates … Haemophilus Influenzae: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Elimination of the pathogens Avoidance of complications Therapy recommendations Antibiosis (antibiotic therapy): Cephalosporins are used for life-threatening infections If there is no danger to life, the active ingredient ampicillin is the drug of choice. Symptomatic therapy (if necessary antipyretics / drugs that reduce fever). See also under “Further therapy” Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) [see … Haemophilus Influenzae: Drug Therapy
Optional medical device diagnostics – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, laboratory diagnostics, and obligatory medical device diagnostics – for differential diagnostic clarification. X-ray of the chest (X-ray thorax/chest), in two planes – if pneumonia (pneumonia) is suspected. Computed tomography of the skull (cranial CT, cranial CT or cCT) – if meningitis … Haemophilus Influenzae: Diagnostic Tests
Hib vaccination (protective vaccination against the Haemophilus influenzae type b bacterium) is the most important and effective preventive measure against Haemophilus influenzae type b. To prevent Haemophilus influenzae infection, attention must be paid to reducing risk factors. Behavioral risk factors Droplet infection Contact infection Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) Post-exposure prophylaxis is the provision of medication to … Haemophilus Influenzae: Prevention
The following symptoms and complaints may indicate infection with Haemophilus influenzae: Fever Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the conjunctiva) Infections of the respiratory system: Bronchitis, e.g. cough. Epiglottitis (inflammation of the epiglottis), e.g., dyspnea (shortness of breath), choking attacks. Pneumonia (pneumonia), e.g., tachypnea (accelerated breathing). Infections of the ear, nose and throat: Otitis media (inflammation of the … Haemophilus Influenzae: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of Haemophilus influenzae infection. Family history What is the general health status of your relatives? Social anamnesis Current medical history/systemic medical history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? How long have these symptoms been present? Have they changed in intensity? … Haemophilus Influenzae: Medical History
