The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by cervical carcinoma (cancer of the uterine cervix): Neoplasms – Tumor diseases (C00-D48). Bone metastases Continuous growth into adjacent structures such as the uterus (womb), vagina (vagina), or parametria (connective tissue structures of the pelvic cavity that extend from the wall of … Cervical Cancer: Complications
Definition of cervical carcinoma nomenclature. Name Synonyms English TNM FIGO UICC Preinvasive lesions CIN 1 LSIL CIN 1/LSIL – – – CIN 2 HSIL CIN 2/HSIL – – – CIN 3 HSIL CIN 3/HSIL Tis FIGO has no stage 0 0 CIS HSIL CIS/HSIL Tis FIGO has no stage 0 0 Invasive carcinomas Microinvasive carcinoma … Cervical Cancer: Classification
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) of the skin, mucous membranes, abdominal wall, and inguinal region (groin area). Gynecological examination Inspection Vulva (external, primary female sexual organs). Vagina (vaginal) [staging T2a: tumor infiltration beyond uterus, … Cervical Cancer: Examination
Cancer screening measures (KFEM)/cervical cancer screening Asymptomatic women at average risk for cervical cancer should have the following screenings: Cervical cancer screening:By law, cytologic smear tests (Pap tests) should be performed once a year beginning at age 20; from 2018 onward, women should be tested as part of the cancer screening measures (KFEM) as follows.Cervical … Cervical Cancer: Test and Diagnosis
Therapeutic targets Improvement of the symptomatology Improvement of the prognosis Therapy recommendations Chemotherapeutic agents are used. They are effective in both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. See also under “Further therapy“. Indications to the following forms of chemotherapy: Adjuvant chemotherapy Adjuvant chemotherapy (supportive treatment measure to reduce the relapse rate and thus improve the chances … Cervical Cancer: Drug Therapy
Mandatory medical device diagnostics. Transvaginal sonography (ultrasound examination of the genital organs) – for basic diagnostics. Renal sonography (ultrasound examination of the kidneys). Colposcopy (examination of the vagina and cervix uteri using a special microscope) – for clarification colposcopy in the context of cervical cancer screening or if the tumor is not already macroscopically assessable. … Cervical Cancer: Diagnostic Tests
Precancerous lesions of the cervix (preinvasive lesions) CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) I-III: if persistent (persisting) after colposcopic cytological control (every six months) for up to 24 months CIN Therapy options CIN I Colposcopically confirmed ectocervical seat (confirmed by cervical endoscopy) Biopsy (tissue sampling) CO2 laser vaporization (vaporization) Snare conization (use of an electrically heated wire … Cervical Cancer: Surgical Therapy
HPV vaccination is the most important and effective preventive measure against cervical carcinoma (see primary prevention below). Furthermore, to prevent cervical cancer, attention must be paid to reducing individual risk factors. Behavioral risk factors High parity (number of births). Nutrition Micronutrient deficiency (vital substances) – see Prevention with micronutrients. Consumption of stimulants Tobacco (smoking) Poor … Cervical Cancer: Prevention
Cervical cancer (cancer of the cervix) usually does not show symptoms in early stages. The following symptoms and complaints may indicate advanced stages of cervical cancer: Dyspareunia – pain during sexual intercourse. Fluor genitalis (discharge); often flesh-water colored. Contact bleeding (bleeding, for example, after sexual intercourse). Metrorrhagia – bleeding outside theeigenliche menstruation; it is usually … Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Complaints, Signs
Medical history (history of illness) is an important component in the diagnosis of cervical cancer (cancer of the uterine cervix). Family history Are there any diseases in your family that are common? (Tumor diseases) Social history What is your profession? Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). What symptoms have you noticed? How long … Cervical Cancer: Medical History
Neoplasms – Tumor Diseases (C00-D48). Myomas – benign muscular growths of the uterus that can often lead to cycle irregularities (e.g., increased and prolonged menstrual bleeding/menorrhagia) Preliminary stages of cervical cancer – cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I-III). Genitourinary system (kidneys, urinary tract – sex organs) (N00-N99). Fluorine (discharge) of inflammatory genesis (origin).
Pathogenesis (development of disease) Cervical carcinoma usually originates from cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This usually originates at the external cervix. In over 90% of cases, the cell changes begin in the transformation zone of the cervix between the squamous and cylindrical epithelium. The transition from a CIN1 to a cervical carcinoma is much less likely, … Cervical Cancer: Causes