Laboratory parameters of the 1st order – obligatory laboratory tests.
- Allergy diagnostics – Various allergy tests can be performed to determine whether hay fever is present:
- Prick test (skin test): in this test, the allergens in question are applied in droplet form to the forearms. A thin needle is then used to slightly nick the skin at these sites, allowing the test solution to enter the skin. This is only slightly painful – only the top layer of skin is scratched. If erythema (reddening of the skin over a large area) or wheals appear after about 15 to 30 minutes, the test is positive. However, a positive test result only indicates that sensitization to the substance has occurred. However, the substance does not have to be the triggering allergen. Therefore, other investigations such as the provocation test usually follow to confirm the result.
- Antibody detection Furthermore, there is the possibility of a blood test. Here, specific IgE antibodies against certain allergens are detected. This method is called RAST (radio-allergo sorbent test, RAST test). However, this complex test can only be performed by specialized laboratories, but is reimbursed by health insurance companies.
- Provocation test As a third option, a so-called provocation test can be performed. Here, for example, nasal sprays containing mite allergens are sprayed on the nasal mucosa (= nasal provocation test, NPT) to provoke as a result an allergic immediate reaction (type I allergy) with corresponding typical complaints under controlled conditions. [The conjunctival or nasal provocation test has a high clinical evidence for house dust mite allergy].
Laboratory parameters 2nd order – depending on the results of the history, physical examination, etc. – for differential diagnostic clarification.
- Cytology – assessment of cells from a smear.
- Histology
- Bacteriology, mycology – detection of bacteria or fungi.
- Indoor air analysis for pollutants
- Nonspecific provocation test with histamine