Products
Insulin glulisine is commercially available as an injectable and is usually administered with an insulin pen (Apidra). It has been approved in many countries since 2005. The brand name Apidra is derived from English (fast), and the active ingredient name glulisine is derived from the exchanged amino acids glutamic acid and lysine.
Structure and properties
The primary structure of insulin glulisine (C258H384N64O78S6, Mr = 5823 g/mol) is identical to the primary structure of human insulin, with the following exceptions. This results in altered pharmacokinetics with more rapid release:
- Glutamic acid instead of lysine at position 29 of the B chain.
- Lysine instead of asparagine at position 3 of the B chain.
Effects
Insulin glulisine (ATC A10AB06) has blood glucose-lowering and antidiabetic properties. It has a more rapid onset of action and a shorter duration of action than soluble human insulin when administered subcutaneously. The glucose-lowering effect of insulin glulisine begins approximately 10-20 minutes after administration and lasts approximately 4 hours.
Indications
For the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Dosage
According to the SmPC. The drug is administered shortly, within 0 to 15 minutes before or immediately after a meal. It is injected subcutaneously into the abdominal wall, thigh, or upper arm. The administration site should be changed regularly to prevent local side effects. Insulin glulisine can also be given intravenously with an insulin pump and by healthcare professionals.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity
- Hypoglycemia
Full details of precautions and interactions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Numerous drugs can affect blood glucose levels.
Adverse effects
The most common possible adverse effects include hypoglycemia, allergic reactions, injection site reactions, lipodystrophy, pruritus, and rash.
