Formation of mineral corticoids: Among the hormones synthesized in the zona glomerulosa are aldosterone and corticosterone. The output for the production of these hormones is cholesterol via pregnenolone and progesterone. Through further enzymatic changes (hydroxylation, oxidation) the mineral corticosteroids are finally produced.
The corticosterone formed is converted to aldosterone. The receptor is located intracellularly, there is no specific transport protein in the blood. Regulation of mineral corticosteroids: Aldosterone release is determined by blood pressure and blood volume via angiotensin 2 and by blood levels of sodium and potassium.
Angiotensin II is a tissue hormone (peptide hormone) that is released within the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This system serves to regulate blood pressure as well as the water and electrolyte balance. Low blood volume and low blood pressure, high potassium and low sodium levels have a positive effect on the aldosterone concentration.
In addition, pituitary ACTH and beta-adrenergic substances (adrenaline, noradrenaline) stimulate the release of aldosterone. This is inhibited by the peptide hormone atriopeptin of the atrium and dopamine. The hormone aldosterone as a representative of the mineral corticoids is responsible for the fluid, sodium, potassium and acid-base balance. It has an increasing effect on blood volume and blood pressure.