Synonyms
- Nail mycosis
- Onchomycosis
Definition
A nail fungus is an infection or infestation of the nail bed by a fungus. The cause of nail fungus is an infestation of the nail bed by so-called dermatophytes – a fungal species with names such as trichophyton or epidermophyton. In addition to skin fungi, there are also yeast fungi that attack the nail bed and can lead to a nail fungus infection.
The infection occurs via the so-called spores, which are certain survival forms of fungi. The spores have a particularly pronounced resistance and can remain on floors, walls or in water for a very long time. They can also be found on bath mats, slatted frames, towels and other surfaces.
The transmission takes place from person to person or from animal to human. Particularly on damp surfaces or in warm areas, the fungal spores can survive and transfer for a long time. Therefore, these infections are considered highly infectious throughout their course.
In everyday life, this milieu is found mainly in swimming pools, saunas or on and in shoes that are worn too long. Increased sweating, too infrequent airing of clothes or shoes are among the risk factors for the transmission of a nail fungus. In addition, the family environment is also considered to be one of the causes for the development of nail fungus.
Due to the close contact, which the individual family members usually maintain among themselves, the nail fungus is quickly passed on from one person to another. With the nail fungus it must be considered however that not everyone is equally susceptible to fungal infections of the nails. Diabetes mellitus and illnesses which lead to disturbances of the blood circulation are no direct causes, but are favorable factors for the emergence of nail fungus.
Furthermore, shoes that are too tight are also considered to be the cause of nail fungus. Due to the increased pressure on the feet, the skin surface is damaged, making it more susceptible to the penetration of fungal spores. Also a general immunodeficiency or various drugs that suppress the immune system can promote the spread of nail fungus.
In addition, the risk of developing nail fungus increases with age. With older people, the condition of the nail substance changes. Nails of fingers and feet become increasingly brittle, porous and susceptible to nail fungus. In addition, the presence of a skin fungus infection (for example athlete’s foot) is one of the most common causes of nail fungus.
