Note
This is an additional page on our topic:
- Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy on neurophysiological basis
We would like to discuss the following neurophysiological therapy methods:
- Neurophysiological therapy method according to Bobath
- Neurophysiological therapy method according to Vojta
- PNF
General Introduction
These treatment concepts are mainly used for so-called central movement disorders in children and adults. The central movement disorder is a generic term for all disorders of posture and movement control that are based on a disease or damage to the brain. These can be congenital and therefore less frequently progressive or acquired and more frequently progressive.
Frequent clinical pictures in children are the early childhood brain damages, which often become symptomatic due to a delay in the child’s movement development and possibly also in the early childhood mental development. Causes of the delayed or disturbed motor development include excessive (hypertonus) or insufficient muscle tension (hypotonus) and altered reflex activity. The effects can range from a barely noticeable gait disorder to severe physical and possibly mental disability.
Equally severe effects on the nervous system can be caused by childhood craniocerebral injuries caused by accidents. In adults, the most common areas of application for physiotherapy on a neurophyiological basis are acquired damage to the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) or the nerve tracts that lead to it. Examples are stroke, craniocerebral injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, paraplegia or peroneal paresis (paralysis of the foot e.g.
after a slipped disc) or plexus paresis (paralysis of the arm e.g. after an accident). The so-called muscular dystrophies (muscle atrophy) in children and adults also require intensive and comprehensive physiotherapeutic treatment. The general objective of physiotherapeutic treatment for neurological diseases is to improve the quality of life of the patient.
Physiotherapy not only influences the muscular and skeletal system, but also the vegetative (breathing and blood circulation) and psychological functions. Mobility and performance of the affected persons should be increased with the aim of achieving the greatest possible independence and integration into family and society. Particularly in the field of neurology, interdisciplinary cooperation with other medical disciplines such as doctors, nurses, occupational therapists, speech therapists, orthopedic technicians, psychologists and families is absolutely necessary, since the patients almost always suffer complex injuries.
- Promotion or restoration of healthy (physiological) movement sequences
- Promotion in the mental and social-emotional area
- The training of replacement functions (if not otherwise possible)
- The use of aids (supports, rails, wheelchair)
- Delay of the progressive (progressing) course
- Prevention of consequential damage (secondary damage).