Products
Nitrazepam is commercially available in tablet form (Mogadon). It has been approved in many countries since 1965.
Structure and properties
Nitrazepam (C15H11N3O3, Mr = 281.3 g/mol) is a nitrated 1,4-benzodiazepine. It exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. Nitrazepam is structurally closely related to flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).
Effects
Nitrazepam (ATC N05CD02) has sleep-inducing, muscle-relaxing, and anticonvulsant properties. The effects are due to binding to GABA-A receptors and enhancing the inhibitory effects of GABA-ergic transmission.
Indications
For short-term treatment of sleep disorders and epilepsy (West, Lennox syndrome).
Abuse
Nitrazepam, like other benzodiazepines, can be abused as a depressant narcotic.
Dosage
According to the prescribing information. For the treatment of sleep disorders, the tablets are taken before bedtime.
Contraindications
- Hypersensitivity, including to other benzodiazepines.
- Myasthenia gravis
- History of drug, narcotic or alcohol dependence in the patient.
- Severe respiratory disorders
- Sleep apnea syndrome
- Severe hepatic insufficiency
- Ataxia
- Acute intoxication with intoxicants or drugs.
Full precautions can be found in the drug label.
Interactions
Drug-drug interactions are possible with central depressant drugs, muscle relaxants, alcohol, and CYP inhibitors.
Adverse effects
Possible adverse effects include psychiatric disturbances, paradoxical reactions, fatigue, drowsiness, anterograde amnesia, visual disturbances, respiratory depression, and digestive disturbances. Nitrazepam can be addictive and cause withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation.