Prevention of ovarian cysts and other benign neoplasms of the ovary is very limited (exceptions: functional cysts, hyperstimulation syndrome, see below) because there are no known risk factors.
Familial burden
There are no systematic studies of familial burden in benign (benign) changes of the ovary. However, it is known that families with genetic breast carcinomas also have a higher incidence of ovarian carcinomas (90% of all ovarian carcinomas occur sporadically. Only about 5 % occur in families. This is the so-called hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). In the majority of these patients, genetic alterations are found in the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes).
Since many benign ovarian tumors can degenerate into malignant tumors, it makes sense to perform a gynecological checkup including sonography (ultrasound examination) under these aspects once or twice a year in such a constellation from about the age of 30 to 40.
Prevention of functional ovarian cysts
Taking ovulation inhibitors or progestins at a dosage that induces pituitary suppression leads to:
- A decrease in the incidence of recurrence (frequency of recurrence) or the complete prevention of follicular, corpus luteum, and thecalutein cysts,
- A reduction in the frequency of recurrence or the total avoidance of endometriosis cysts,
- A reduction in the expression of PCO syndrome (polycystic ovaries, polycystic ovary syndrome, Stein-Leventhal syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, sclerocystic ovary syndrome) .
Medication
- A possible complication during drug therapy in infertility patients is hyperstimulation syndrome (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, OHSS), which can occur as a consequence of the application/administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). It cannot always be avoided even with careful administration and intensive monitoring.
