Conditions that may be associated with meningismus:
Cardiovascular (I00-I99).
- Intracranial aneurysm rupture (rupture of an abnormal bulge in the arterial wall of the brain).
- Intracranial hemorrhage (bleeding within the skull; parenchymal, subarachnoid, sub- and epidural, and supra- and infratentorial hemorrhages)/intracerebral hemorrhage (ICB; cerebral hemorrhage)
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAB; hemorrhage between the spinal meninges and the soft meninges; incidence: 1-3%); symptomatology: proceed according to “Ottawa rule for subarachnoid hemorrhage”:
- Age ≥ 40 years
- Meningismus (symptom of painful neck stiffness in irritation and disease of the meninges).
- Syncope (brief loss of consciousness) or impaired consciousness (somnolence, sopor and coma).
- Onset of cephalgia (headache) during physical activity.
- Thunderclap headache/destructive headache (about 50% of cases).
- Restricted mobility of the cervical spine (Cervical spine).
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Lyme disease
- Exanthema subitum (three-day fever)
- Early summer meningoencephalitis (TBE).
- Leptospirosis
- Meningococcal sepsis
- Poliomyelitis (polio)
- Psittacosis (parrot disease)
- Syphilis (lues; venereal disease)
- Tetanus (tetanus)
- Worm diseases (Angiostrongylidae)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Brain tumor (primary or secondary).
- Meningeosis carcinomatosa – involvement of the meninges of daughter tumors.
- Tumors of the posterior fossa
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99)
- Brain abscess
- Meningitis (meningitis) [all forms].
- Nerve root syndromes such as lumbar root syndrome.
Symptoms and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings not classified elsewhere (R00-R99)
- Meningismus due to vaccines/serum
- Meningismus due to systemic infection
Injuries, poisonings, and certain other sequelae of external causes (S00-T98).
- Sunstroke
Diseases that may be associated with pseudomeningism:
Musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (M00-M99).
- Osteoarthritis of the cervical vertebral joints (eg, spondyloarthritis).
- Disc prolapse (herniated disc) in the area of the cervical spine.
- Fractures (bone fracture) of the cervical vertebrae
- Cervical spine syndrome
- Cervical spondylosis (degenerative changes in the cervical spine).
- Rheumatoid arthritis – chronic inflammatory multisystem disease, which usually manifests itself in the form of synovitis (inflammation of the synovial membrane).
- Torticollis (crookedness of the head), acute (due toDraft; postional).
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48).
- Tumors of the cervical spine (primary or secondary).
Psyche – nervous system (F00-F99; G00-G99).
- Migraine
- Parkinson’s syndrome/Morbus Parkinson (Rigor!)
Injuries, poisonings and other consequences of external causes (S00-T98).
- Whiplash – Distortion (sprain/strain) of the cervical spine (C-spine).
- Vertebral fracture (vertebral fracture)
