A plaster cast is a so-called conservative treatment method for a bone fracture. The affected bone is immobilized with the help of the bandage until it has grown back together. In most cases, these are injuries to the extremities that are treated in this way.
What is a cast?
A cast is a so-called conservative treatment method for a bone fracture. It involves using the cast to immobilize the affected bone until it grows back together. A plaster cast is a firm, rigid bandage made of plaster that is used to immobilize a part of the body. This is necessary, among other things, when an injury has occurred and the healing process requires absolute rest and immobility of the affected area. This usually involves broken bones, but severe strains or torn ligaments and tendons can also be immobilized with a cast. These injuries often take place on the extremities, so they also make up a majority of cases that require treatment with a cast. Depending on the type of injury and the speed of the healing process, the cast may remain on the patient’s arm or leg for several weeks.
Application, function and goals
A cast is applied whenever it is necessary to ensure that the affected area of the body is immobilized after an injury or surgical procedure. After a bone fracture, for example, self-healing takes place as the bone grows back together on its own. However, this takes several weeks and can only take place completely and without complications if the affected area is immobilized and thus immovable for this period. Otherwise, there is a risk that the bone at the fracture site will shift and difficulties may arise in growing back together. The plaster cast is one of the so-called conservative treatment methods for bone fractures, strains or torn ligaments or tendons. It is not a therapy in the true sense of the word, but rather an aid to support the body’s own healing process. It is applied after a comprehensive examination of the injury, if the X-rays taken for this purpose do not show any displacements, splintering or similar complications. Depending on the type and severity of the injury and the individual’s self-healing powers, a cast usually has to remain on the affected area for several weeks to achieve an optimal result. After some time, the cast may be temporarily removed by the physician for examination purposes to assess the progress of healing. It may be necessary for the patient to participate in physiotherapy for a period of time after final removal of the cast in order to fully restore function to the affected limb. Since the conventional combination of cotton bandages and plaster is quite heavy and can sometimes significantly impair the patient’s ability to move, plastics are increasingly being used nowadays. These are lighter and more moisture-resistant; however, they also incur higher costs.
Risks, side effects and dangers
A cast is perceived by most patients as hindering their ability to move around on a daily basis. Throughout the period over which the cast is worn, the usual movement of the affected extremity is significantly restricted. If joints and muscles are not moved properly or not at all over a period of several weeks, stiffening or muscle atrophy often occurs. In many cases, these can be eliminated by the normal movement that takes place after treatment, without the need for therapeutic support. Under certain circumstances, however, participation in rehabilitation measures or regular physiotherapy may become necessary. Exercises tailored to individual needs can help stiff joints regain their mobility or rebuild reduced muscle mass. Immobilization of extremities for weeks also carries a risk of thrombosis. Individuals at risk should therefore be examined regularly. If necessary, an anticoagulant can be injected to prevent thrombosis formation. Fixation for weeks can also place additional stress on the patient’s skin.It is not uncommon for an unpleasant itch to occur under the cast, which may be associated with a rash. If pain, swelling or similar complaints occur, the attending physician should be consulted in any case.
Diseases with bone fractures
- Osteoporosis (bone loss)
- Femoral neck fracture (femoral neck fracture).
- Radius fracture (fracture of the spokes)
- Brittle bone disease (osteogenesis imperfecta)
