Pathogenesis (development of disease)
Pollen allergy is triggered by inhaled allergens seasonally.
The allergens cause immediate-type allergy (synonyms: Type I allergy, type I allergy, type I immune reaction, immediate allergic reaction). This is characterized by a rapid response of the immune system (within seconds or minutes) upon second contact with the allergen. The initial contact, which is usually asymptomatic, is called sensitization. Here, T and B lymphocytes independently recognize the antigen in question.
The secondary reaction is IgE-mediated. Here, the allergen binds to the IgE present on the mast cells and histamine is released. Furthermore, inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes are released.
The following pollens are often the cause of pollen allergy:
- Mugwort
- Birch
- Alder
- Grasses
- Hazel
- Rye
- Plantain
Non-allergenic pollen components can increase these allergies.
Etiology (causes)
Disease-related causes.
Infectious and parasitic diseases (A00-B99).
- Repeated viral infections play a role in the development of pollen allergy
Other causes
- Air pollutants are considered as cofactors
