Cramps represent an unintentional, large muscular tension of one or more muscles, often accompanied by pain at the affected area. The duration and intensity of the spasm can vary greatly from one individual to another. Usually only individual muscles are affected and the cramp usually subsides after a few seconds or minutes.
A cramp that affects the entire body is also called a seizure, which is associated with epilepsy. The cramps of individual muscles can have different causes. In most cases, an electrolyte shift or an overload of individual muscles is responsible for the unintentional tension. As a rule, cramps of individual muscles are considered harmless. The cause should nevertheless be discussed so that the recurrence of the cramps can be prevented if necessary.
Cause of cramps
To effectively prevent cramps, knowledge of the causes is particularly helpful. The cause for the occurrence of muscle cramps is often a disturbed electrolyte and fluid balance. Tense muscles, such as during sports, cause increased sweating and the associated loss of fluid. Together with sweat, minerals are also lost, which are necessary for correct muscle function. Especially the mineral magnesium, which is essential for the muscles, should be mentioned here.
Symptoms
Cramps are unintentional, strong tensions of one or more muscles. Usually the cramps are accompanied by pain, which can be very strong. The cramps often occur during sporting activities or at rest, for example at night. The symptoms described can help the treating physician to find the individual reason for the occurrence of the cramps. In the case of cramps that occur uncontrollably over the whole body and at the same time, an epileptic seizure should be considered.
Therapy
The therapy for muscle cramps depends on the individual reasons for the cramps. First of all, it should be discussed whether a lack of fluid or electrolytes could be the reason for the cramps that have occurred. Sports activities should also be included in the anamnesis.
Since the occurrence of cramps, which occur in individual muscles and usually disappear after a short time, is usually harmless, a change in behavior and the intake of electrolytes should be chosen as a therapeutic approach. Physically strenuous sports should be avoided for a few days and sufficient fluid intake should be ensured. Since shortening of muscles can also lead to cramps, stretching of the affected muscle areas can also lead to an improvement in symptoms. In addition, massages can help to relax the muscles for a short time and prevent a recurrence of the cramps for a short time.