The sunburn
With a sunburn (erythema solar, UV erythema) the skin is damaged by UV-B radiation, which is naturally occurring a component of sunlight or is artificially used for example in the solarium. This damage to the skin can be classified in degrees comparable to injuries to the skin caused by burns: People with lighter skin types are particularly susceptible to the development of sunburn, as their skin has less self-protection than people with darker skin types. In these people, the colorant melanin is increasingly formed in the skin to protect it from UV radiation. This makes the skin appear brown and thus protects it from UV radiation.
- With the most frequent burn form by UV light, the burn of the first degree, it comes to reddened, swollen and itching up to painful skin.
- Second degree burns are characterized by blistering of the uppermost skin layer.
- In the case of third-degree burns, which are usually so painful that they require medical treatment, the skin is so damaged that it can no longer heal without consequences, resulting in the formation of scars.
Skin itches after sunbathing
Some people suffer from very sensitive skin. Various creams, fragrances, preservatives, textiles or similar can cause irritation and itching. The sun can also be the cause of itchy skin.
This is initially difficult for many people to understand, as sun exposure is more likely to be associated with positive properties. However, the so-called “sun allergy” is known to many people. In technical terminology, this is known as polymorphic light dermatosis.
It is a type of allergic reaction to UV radiation. It is the body’s own substances, so-called autoantigens, which cause this skin reaction. Typically, the symptoms occur several hours to days after the first exposure to the sun after the long winter months.
The skin can show a variety of skin changes, such as red spots, raised nodules or blisters, and is very itchy. The skin changes differ from person to person, which is why it is also called polymorphic – multiform – dermatosis. Without further exposure to the sun, the skin changes usually heal within a week.
There are various options available for the treatment of such “sun allergy”. Consistent UV protection for the skin in combination with antioxidants helps to alleviate the reactions that occur. Special UV therapies performed by a dermatologist can also strengthen the skin’s resistance. In acute cases, creams and ointments with added cortisone are used to treat the fresh skin changes.
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