A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps:
- General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; furthermore:
- Inspection (viewing) of the skin, mucous membranes and sclerae (white part of the eye).
- Inspection and palpation (palpation) of the lymph node stations (cervical, axillary, supraclavicular, inguinal).
- Inspection and palpation of the spine, thorax (chest) and range of motion [back pain (Occurring mainly at night with a probing, gnawing character, which wake patients when sleeping. Location of back pain suggests quite accurately the location of the tumor)].
- Inspection (viewing) and palpation of the extremities [numbness and paresis (paralysis), these can manifest as sensory deficits, bladder or rectal dysfunction, and even paraplegia].
- Auscultation (listening) of the heart.
- Auscultation of the lungs
- Palpation of the abdomen (abdomen) (tenderness?, knocking pain?, coughing pain?, defensive tension?, hernial orifices?, kidney bearing knocking pain?)
- Digital rectal examination (DRU): examination of the rectum (rectum).
- If necessary, neurological examination – [due topossible sequelae: paresis (paralysis) of varying degrees of non-traumatic genesis].
- If necessary, orthopedic examination [due todifferential diagnoses:
- Aneurysmal bone cyst (AKZ) – tumor-like osteolytic lesions (“bone resorption”) with dark red to brownish cavities up to 14 cm3 in size.
- Fracture (bone fracture) in the area of the spine.
- Paget’s disease (osteodystrophia deformans) (bone disease that leads to bone remodeling and gradually thickening of several bones, usually the spine, pelvis, extremities or skull).
- Pathological fracture (spontaneous fracture due to pathological (pathological) processes in the bone; eg due toOsteoporosis)]
[due topossible secondary disease: chronic back pain]
- Health check (as an additional follow-up measure).
Square brackets [ ] indicate possible pathological (pathological) physical findings.
