Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00-E90).
- Focal thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland).
- Struma nodosa (nodular goiter)
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid gland)
Neoplasms – tumor diseases (C00-D48)
- Follicular adenomas (benign tumor originating from the follicular epithelium).
- Follicular thyroid carcinoma (about 30%).
- Lymphoma
- Medullary thyroid carcinoma (C-cell carcinoma; about 5%).
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma (about 60%).
- Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid carcinoma (about 5%).
- Rare forms such as malignant lymphoma or sarcoma.
- Metastases from other tumors
- Thyroid adenoma – benign tumor of the thyroid gland.
- Encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (EFVPTC); patients with noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) have a very low risk of poor outcome. i.e., lobectomy of the thyroid gland (complete removal of one of the two lobes of the thyroid gland) is usually sufficient here
- Cysts of the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland or ductus thyreoglossus.
