Penicillins

Products Penicillins are commercially available today in the form of film-coated tablets, capsules, as solutions for injection and infusion, as powders for preparing an oral suspension, and as syrups, among others. Penicillin was discovered in September 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital in London by Alexander Fleming. He was working with staphylococcal cultures in Petri dishes. … Penicillins

Listeriosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused mainly by contaminated food. For healthy people, listeriosis is rather harmless, but for pregnant women, weakened or elderly people, the infection can be dangerous. What is listeriosis? Listeriosis is transmitted by so-called listeria. These are bacteria of the genus Listeria, which are very undemanding and therefore widespread. They occur … Listeriosis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Cystitis: Inflammation of the Bladder

Symptoms Acute, uncomplicated bladder infections are among the most common infectious diseases in women. A bladder infection is considered uncomplicated or simple when the urinary tract is functionally and structurally normal and there are no diseases that promote infection, for example, diabetes mellitus or immunosuppression. Symptoms include: Painful, frequent and difficult urination. Strong urge to … Cystitis: Inflammation of the Bladder

Bromelain Effects and Side Effects

Products Bromelain was commercially available in many countries in the form of dragées (Traumanase), and dietary supplements containing pineapple powder are available. Other drugs are approved abroad, for example, Wobenzym and Phlogenzym. Wobenzym is registered in many countries only in the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden. Structure and properties Bromelain is the name given to a … Bromelain Effects and Side Effects

Antibiotic Suspensions for Children

Procedure in the pharmacy Refer to the package insert for each drug. 1. If the suspension is needed immediately, it is prepared by the pharmacist. If this is not desired, it can also be prepared by the parents. General instructions (example!): Shake the bottle with the powder to loosen the powder. Carefully fill with tap … Antibiotic Suspensions for Children

Antibiotics: Antibacterial Drugs

Products Antibiotics (singular: antibiotic) are commercially available in the form of tablets, dispersible tablets, capsules, as infusion preparations, suspensions and syrups for children, and as granules, among others. There are also some topical preparations, such as creams, ointments, eye drops, eye ointments, ear drops, nasal ointments and sore throat tablets. The first active ingredient from … Antibiotics: Antibacterial Drugs

Helicobacter Pylori Facts

Symptoms Infection with is an important factor in the development of gastritis, gastric and intestinal ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and MALT lymphoma. In contrast, no clinical symptoms are observed in the majority of patients. The acute stage of infection may manifest as gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and pain in the upper abdomen. Causes The … Helicobacter Pylori Facts

Shake Before Use

Background Numerous drugs exist that must be shaken well immediately before administration. These include, for example, certain eye drops, nasal sprays, injectables, and antibiotic suspensions for children (see below). The reason is usually that the active ingredient in the drug is in suspension. Suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures of substances consisting of a liquid in which … Shake Before Use

Acute Sinusitis

Anatomical background Humans have 4 sinuses, the maxillary sinuses, the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. They are connected to the nasal cavity by 1-3 mm narrow bony openings called ostia and are lined with a thin respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous glands. The ciliated hairs provide clearance of mucus … Acute Sinusitis

Combination Products

Definition Drugs today usually contain a defined active pharmaceutical ingredient. However, numerous drugs with two or more active substances also exist. These are called combination drugs or fixed combinations. For example, Aspirin C contains both acetylsalicylic acid and vitamin C. Many blood pressure medications are combination preparations, for example perindopril + indapamide or candesartan + … Combination Products