Products Insulin aspart is marketed as an injectable (NovoRapid, USA: NovoLog). It has been approved in many countries since 1999. The fixed combination IDegAsp (insulin aspart + insulin degludec, Ryzodeg) was registered in many countries and in the EU in 2013. In 2017, Fiasp ultra-fast-acting, a very fast-acting insulin aspart, was also approved. With the … Insulin Aspart
Products Insulin detemir is commercially available as an injectable (Levemir). It has been approved in many countries since 2003. Structure and properties Insulin detemir (C267H402O76N64S6, Mr = 5916.9 g/mol) has an identical primary sequence to human insulin except for the removed threonine at position B30 of the B chain and an added molecule of myristic … Insulin Detemir
Products Insulin glargine is commercially available as an injectable (Lantus). It has been approved in many countries since 2002. The biosimilar Abasaglar (LY2963016) was approved in the EU in 2014 and in many countries in 2015. The drugs must be stored between 2 to 8°C in a refrigerator. In 2015, Toujeo was additionally approved in … Insulin Glargine
Products Insulin lispro is commercially available as an injectable (Humalog). It has been approved in many countries since 1995. Biosimilars are available in some countries. In 2021, Lyumjev was approved in many countries, a new formulation that is characterized by an (even) faster onset of action and a slightly shorter duration of action. Structure and … Insulin Lispro
Active ingredients Insulins substitute for endogenous insulin: Human insulin Insulin analogues Biguanides reduce hepatic glucose formation: Metformin (Glucophage, generic). Sulfonylureas promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Glibenclamide (Daonil, generic). Glibornuride (Glutril, off label). Gliclazide (Diamicron, generic). Glimepiride (Amaryl, generics) Glinides promote insulin secretion from beta cells: Repaglinide (NovoNorm, generic). Nateglinide (Starlix) Glitazones decrease peripheral insulin … Antidiabetics
Products Dapagliflozin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Forxiga). It was approved in the EU in 2012 and in the United States and many countries in 2014. Dapagliflozin is also combined fixed with metformin (Xigduo XR). A fixed combination with saxagliptin was approved in 2017 (Qternmet film-coated tablets). Qternmet XR is a … Dapagliflozin
Products Canagliflozin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Invokana). It was approved in the United States and EU in 2013 and in many countries in 2014. Vokanamet is a fixed combination of canagliflozin and metformin. It was also registered in many countries in 2014. Structure and properties Canagliflozin (C24H25FO5S, Mr = 444.5 … Canagliflozin
Products Vildagliptin is commercially available in tablet form as a monopreparation (Galvus) and in fixed combination with metformin (Galvumet). It has been approved in the EU since 2007 and in many countries since 2008. Generic versions were registered in 2020. Structure and properties Vildagliptin (C17H25N3O2, Mr = 303.40 g/mol) is a hydroxy-adamantane, a carbonitrile and … Vildagliptin
Products Pioglitazone is commercially available in tablet form (Actos, generics). It is also available as a fixed-dose combination with metformin (Competact). Pioglitazone has been approved in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Pioglitazone (C19H20N2O3S, Mr = 356.4 g/mol) belongs to the thiazolidinediones. It is present in drugs as a racemate and as pioglitazone hydrochloride, … Pioglitazone
Products Troglitazone (Rezulin, tablets) is not commercially available in many countries. It was approved in 1997 and withdrawn from the market in 2000 because of its liver-toxic properties. Structure and properties Troglitazone (C24H27NO5S, Mr = 441.5 g/mol) belongs structurally to the thiazolidinediones. Effects Troglitazone (ATC A10BG01) is antidiabetic. Effects are due to agonism at the … Troglitazone
Products Sitagliptin is commercially available in film-coated tablet form as a monopreparation (Januvia) and as a fixed combination with metformin (Janumet, Janumet XR). It was approved in many countries in 2007 as the first representative of the gliptins. The combination with simvastatin is not yet registered in many countries (Juvisync). Generics were approved in 2018. … Sitagliptin
Products No finished drug products containing phlorizin are commercially available in many countries. Phlorizin served as a precursor to modern SGLT2 inhibitors, which are antidiabetic drugs administered to treat type 2 diabetes. Structure and properties Phlorizin (C21H24O10, Mr = 436.4 g/mol) is a natural substance from apple tree bark. Effects Unlike modern SGLT2 inhibitors, phlorizin … Phlorizin
