Synonym: Ventriculus sinister, left ventricle Definition The left ventricle, as part of the “great” or body’s circulation, is located downstream of the left atrium (atrium sinistrum) and pumps the oxygen-rich blood fresh from the lungs into the aorta and thus into the body’s circulation, where it supplies all the important structures with oxygen. Anatomy left … Left ventricle
Histology – Wall layering The wall layers are the same in all four heart interiors: The innermost layer is the endocardium, consisting of a single-layer epithelium, which is supported by the connective tissue lamina propria. The muscle layer (myocardium) is connected to the outside of this. The outermost layer is the epicardium. Blood supply The … Histology – Wall layering | Left ventricle
While the heart is responsible for maintaining blood circulation with its pumping action, four heart valves ensure that blood always flows in the same direction. The two semilunar valves are each located in the initial region of the large arterial outflow vessels of the two ventricles. The pulmonary valve serves as the outlet valve of … Pocket Flap: Structure, Function & Diseases
The term blood volume refers to the total volume of blood in the body. Blood volume consists of the volume of blood plasma and the volume of cellular blood components. What is blood volume? The term blood volume refers to the total amount of blood in the body. The total amount of blood in the … Blood Volume: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
In physiology, a pressure pulse is the representation of blood pressure in the form of a curve. To be distinguished from this is the cardiac pressure pulse, which corresponds to a bradycardic vigorous pulse with a simultaneous rise in blood pressure and is considered a symptom of rising intracranial pressure. Increases in intracranial pressure may … Pressure Pulse: Treatment, Effect & Risks
Cardiac surgery has been an independent medical specialty since 1993. The primary specialty is toracic and cardiovascular surgery, which evolved from general surgery. Cardiac surgeons treat acquired and congenital heart disease as well as injuries to the heart and surrounding vessels. Cardiac surgery works closely with vascular surgery and cardiology. What is cardiac surgery? Cardiac … Cardiac Surgery: Treatment, Effect & Risks
Afterload corresponds to the resistance that works against the contraction of the heart muscle, limiting the ejection of blood from the heart. The heart‘s afterload increases in the setting of hypertension or valvular stenosis, for example. Compensatory to this, the heart muscle may hypertrophy and promote heart failure. What is afterload? Afterload corresponds to the … Afterload: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
The pulmonary valve regulates the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs. Diseases can significantly affect its performance. What is the pulmonary valve? The term pulmonic comes from the Latin term pulmo for the lungs. Accordingly, the pulmonic valve is the one that regulates the flow of deoxygenated blood to the lungs. It … Pulmonary Valve: Structure, Function & Diseases
In 1924, American cardiologists Emanuel Libman and Benjamin Sacks at New York’s Mount Sinai Hospital first observed a form of endocarditis that was not caused by an infectious agent. They therefore initially referred to it as “atypical verrucous endocarditis.” In total, they observed and followed the disease in four different patients. Over the years, this … Libman-Sacks Endocarditis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
A heart valve replacement is a prosthetic replacement for heart valves when they no longer work properly. The primary goal of heart valve replacement is to prevent chronic heart failure. What is heart valve replacement? Heart valves prevent blood from flowing backward on the beating heart so that the heart can pump it efficiently through … Heart Valve Replacement: Applications & Health Benefits
Synonym: Valvae cordis Definition The heart consists of four cavities, which are separated from each other and from the respective blood vessels by a total of four heart valves. This allows blood to flow in only one direction and only when it is appropriate within the scope of the heart action (systole or diastole). The … Heart valves
Clinical aspects of heart valves If the function of a heart valve is restricted, this is called heart valve vitium. Such a vitamin can be congenital or acquired. There are two types of functional limitations: Mild valve defects can go unnoticed, while more severe ones usually become symptomatic sooner or later. Common to all valve … Clinical aspects of heart valves | Heart valves
