atropine

Atropine: Effects, uses, side effects

How atropine works Atropine is an active substance from the group of parasympatholytics (also called anticholinergics or muscarinic receptor antagonists). Its parasympatholytic (inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system) properties ensure, among other things, that smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal tract, bile ducts, and urinary tract slackens. In addition, atropine inhibits the secretion of saliva, lacrimal fluid … Atropine: Effects, uses, side effects

Sick Sinus Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

The term sick sinus syndrome is used to describe a series of cardiac arrhythmias, or arrhythmias, which are caused by a malfunction of the sinus node. This condition primarily affects the elderly, and it is one of the most common indications for implantation of a pacemaker. What is sick sinus syndrome? In healthy people, the … Sick Sinus Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Calabar Bean: Applications, Treatments, Health Benefits

In the mid-19th century, the calabar bean was used in its native West Africa to bring about divine judgments: If the suspected criminal died from the bean being offered, he was guilty of the crime; if he survived and vomited, it was taken as proof of his innocence. The seeds of the calabar bean are … Calabar Bean: Applications, Treatments, Health Benefits

Muscarinic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Muscarinic syndrome is a type of mushroom poisoning. In this case, the symptoms typical of muscarinic syndrome appear a few minutes after consuming the mushrooms in question. These include both vegetative and neurological symptoms that indicate impairment of the autonomic nervous system. Muscarinic syndrome may lead to death and for this reason poses a great … Muscarinic Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Digoxin: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Digoxin is commercially available in many countries in tablet form and as a solution for injection and has been approved since 1960 (Digoxin Juvisé, original: Sandoz). Structure and properties Digoxin (C41H64O14, Mr = 780.96 g/mol) is a cardiac glycoside obtained from the leaves of . It is composed of three sugar units (hexoses) and … Digoxin: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Datura: Medicinal Uses

Products Datura extracts are hardly used pharmaceutically today. Alternative medicine preparations such as homeopathics and the pure ingredients such as atropine and scopolamine are an exception. Stem plant Datura L. of the nightshade family (Solanaceae). Medicinal drug Stramonium leaves (Stramonii folium) are used as a medicinal raw material, the dried leaves or from the dried … Datura: Medicinal Uses

Slow Pulse: Causes, Treatment & Help

A slow pulse or low pulse is also called bradycardia or slowed heartbeat. In this context, a slow pulse is when the pulse rate is below 60 beats per minute at normal rest. A slow pulse should not be confused with low blood pressure. What is bradycardia? Bradycardia is the term used to describe a … Slow Pulse: Causes, Treatment & Help

Obidoxime Chloride

Products Obidoxime chloride is commercially available as a solution for injection (toxogonin). It has been approved in many countries since 1965. Along with atropine, it is a component of the Swiss Army’s ComboPen syringe. Structure and properties Obidoxime chloride (C14H16Cl2N4O3, Mr = 359.2 g/mol) Effects Obidoxime chloride (ATC V03AB13) can reactivate blocked acetylcholinesterases that are … Obidoxime Chloride

Solifenacin

Products Solifenacin is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Vesicare, generics). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties Solifenacin (C23H26N2O2, Mr = 362.5 g/mol) is a tertiary amine and a phenylquinoline derivative that has structural similarities to atropine. It is present in drugs as (1)-(3)-solifenacin succinate, a white … Solifenacin

Pethidine

Products Pethidine is commercially available as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1947. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. Structure and properties Pethidine (C15H21NO2, Mr = 247.3 g/mol) is a phenylpiperidine derivative. In pharmaceuticals, it is present as pethidine … Pethidine

Cyclopentolate

Products Cyclopentolate is commercially available in the form of eye drops (cyclogyl). It has been approved in many countries since 1968. Structure and properties Cyclopentolate (C17H25NO3, Mr = 291.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as cyclopentolate hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder. It is a racemate and a derivative of atropine, which is used for the … Cyclopentolate

Propiverine

Products Propiverine was approved in many countries in 2020 in the form of modified-release hard capsules (Mictonorm). Later, coated tablets were also registered (Mictonet). This is an older active ingredient that was available earlier in Germany, for example. Structure and properties Propiverine (C23H29NO3, Mr = 367.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as propiverine hydrochloride. Active … Propiverine