Products Haloperidol is commercially available as tablets, drops (Haldol), and as a solution for injection (Haldol, Haldol decanoas). It has been approved in many countries since 1960. Structure and properties Haloperidol (C21H23ClFNO2, Mr = 375.9 g/mol) is a derivative of pethidine, which is itself derived from atropine. It has structural similarity to loperamide. Haloperidol exists … Haloperidol
Products Tiotropium bromide is commercially available in the form of capsules for inhalation and has been approved since 2002 (Spiriva). The capsules are inhaled using the Spiriva HandiHaler. The inhalation solution (Spiriva Respimat) was approved in many countries in 2016. Tiotropium bromide is the successor to ipratropium bromide (Atrovent, both Boehringer Ingelheim). In 2016, a … Tiotropium Bromide
Products There are no drugs containing physostigmine on the market in many countries. Structure and properties Physostigmine (C15H21N3O2, Mr = 275.3 g/mol) Stem Fabaceae. Effects Physostigmine is indirectly parasympathomimetic by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase; see under cholinesterase inhibitors. Indications Alzheimer’s disease As a miotic Antidote to curare poisoning and parasympatholytics, e.g., atropine.
Phytopharmaceuticals – herbal medicinal products. The term phytopharmaceuticals (singular phytopharmacon) is derived from the Greek terms for plant and for drug. In very general terms, then, it refers to herbal medicines. This refers, for example, to dried plant parts, also called medicinal drugs, such as leaves, flowers, barks or roots. These are often prepared as … Phytopharmaceuticals
Products Umeclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder for inhalation as a monopreparation (Incruse Ellipta) and as a fixed combination with vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta, LAMA–LABA combination). It was approved in many countries in 2014. In 2017, a combination of umeclidinium bromide, fluticasone furoate, and vilanterol was released in the EU (Trelegy Ellipta), and in … Umeclidinium Bromide
Stem plant Solanaceae, mandrake. Medicinal drug Mandragorae radix – mandrake root. Ingredients Tropane alkaloids: atropine, L-hyoscyamine, scopolamine. Effects Parasympatholytic: see under belladonna. Indications The drug is hardly used phytotherapeutically today because of its toxicity. Mandrake is used mainly in alternative medicine, for example, in homeopathy. In certain circles also as an intoxicant, hallucinogen, aphrodisiac and … Mandrake
Glycopyrronium bromide is a drug of the parasympatholytic group. It is used as an agent to reduce secretions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As an anticholinergic, it suppresses the action of acetylcholine in the parasympathetic nervous system. What is glycopyrronium bromide? Glycopyrronium bromide is used as an active ingredient to reduce secretions in chronic … Glycopyrronium Bromide: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Ipratropium bromide is commercially available as an inhalation solution, metered-dose inhaler, and nasal spray (Atrovent, Rhinovent, generics). Combination preparations with beta2-sympathomimetics are also commercially available (Dospir, Berodual N, generics). Pharmacies also produce inhalation solutions with ipratropium bromide as extemporaneous preparations. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties … Ipratropium Bromide
Physiological background Sweat is produced by millions of eccrine sweat glands that are distributed throughout the body and are particularly numerous on the palms and soles of the hands, face, and armpits. The eccrine sweat glands are spiral and clustered glands that open directly onto the skin surface. They are innervated by cholinergic nerve fibers … Heavy Sweating
Products Scopolamine is currently sold in many countries exclusively in the form of eye drops. The transdermal patch Scopoderm TTS and other medications are no longer available. In some countries, other medicines containing scopolamine are available, such as Kwells motion sickness tablets and the Transderm Scop transdermal patch. This article refers to peroral use. In … Scopolamine
Digoxin, like digitoxin, is extracted from foxglove (Digitalis lanata or Digitalis purpurea), which is why both are classified as digitalis glycosides. Cardiac glycosides increase the beating power of the heart muscle while lowering the heart rate. What is digoxin? Digoxin is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein from the group of so-called cardioactive glycosides (also cardiac … Digoxin: Effects, Uses & Risks
Products Nitrofurantoin is commercially available in many countries in the form of 100 mg sustained-release capsules (Furadantin retard, Uvamin retard). It has been used medicinally since the early 1950s. Structure and properties Nitrofurantoin (C8H6N4O, Mr = 238.2 g/mol) exists as a yellow crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. It is a nitrated … Nitrofurantoin