Brief overview Description: Seizure-like episodes of extreme pain due to an existing disease associated with pain (e.g. cancer) Treatment: Fast-acting strong painkillers (“rescue drugs”); supplementary therapy with physiotherapy, for example Causes: Often unknown cause; pain peaks may be signs of a worsening of the underlying disease; end-of-dose pain when the maximum dosage of a painkiller … Breakthrough Pain: Treatment & Causes
Products Fentanyl is commercially available in many countries in the form of lozenges, buccal tablets, sublingual tablets, as a fentanyl patch (e.g., Durogesic, generic), and as a solution for injection. It is a narcotic and is subject to enhanced prescription requirements. Structure and properties Fentanyl (C22H28N2O, Mr = 336.5 g/mol) exists as a white powder … Fentanyl: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Symptoms Breakthrough pain is acute and transient pain that occurs against a background of continuous pain management. It is an acute exacerbation that is most common in chronic disease and especially in cancer. The pain is usually sudden, acute, and intense. Causes The exact causes are not always known. Breakthrough pain may occur as a … Breakthrough Pain
Products and production Morphine drops are an aqueous dropping solution of morphine hydrochloride, usually in concentration 1% or 2%, maximum 4%. The concentration refers to the salt; the effective amount of morphine base is less. The drug is subject to strict control as an anesthetic and is available only on prescription. The morphine drops of … Morphine Drops
Background Opioids have been used as painkillers for thousands of years. Initially in the form of opium, the dried milky sap of the opium poppy L. (Papaveraceae). In the early 19th century, the pure opium alkaloid morphine was isolated for the first time and later administered with the newly invented hypodermic needle. In the 20th … Opioids: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses