How bromhexine works Bromhexine is an expectorant, i.e. it promotes the expectoration of bronchial secretions: it makes the secretions thinner (secretolytic effect) and causes the cilia of the lung mucosa to beat faster (secretomotor effect). Increased secretions are produced in the lungs, particularly in the case of respiratory tract infections. It is intended both to … Bromhexine: Effects, Application, Side Effects
Products In many countries, human medicines with ammonium chloride as the active ingredient are no longer on the market. The salt is an ingredient in Mixtura solvens (Dissolving Mixture PH) and licorice. It used to be included in Bisolvon Linctus syrup along with bromhexine. In some countries, expectorants are available. Structure and properties Ammonium chloride … Ammonium Chloride
Products Ambroxol is commercially available in the form of lozenges, sustained-release capsules, and syrup (e.g., Mucosolvon), among others. It has been approved in many countries since 1982. Structure and properties Ambroxol (C13H18Br2N2O, Mr = 378.1 g/mol) is present in drugs as ambroxol hydrochloride, a white to yellowish crystalline powder that is sparingly soluble in water. … Ambroxol (Mucosolvan)
Symptoms Coughing is a physiologic defense response used to clear foreign bodies, microorganisms, and mucus from the respiratory tract. An acute cough lasts up to three weeks and a subacute cough lasts up to eight weeks. After eight weeks, it is referred to as a chronic cough (Irwin et al., 2000). A distinction is also … Cough Causes and Remedies
Products Cough syrups are commercially available from numerous suppliers. Typical categories include herbal, “chemical” (containing synthetic active ingredients), cough-irritant, and expectorant. They are sold in pharmacies and drugstores, among other places. Cough syrup can also be prepared by the patient. For example, vegetable extracts (see below), honey, sugar and drinking water can be used. Homemade … Cough Syrups
Symptoms Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The leading symptom is a cough that is first dry and later often productive. Other symptoms include difficulty breathing, sounds when breathing (whistling, rattling), feeling sick, hoarseness, fever, chest pain, and accompanying symptoms of the common cold or flu. The disease is usually self-limiting, so … Acute Bronchitis
Anatomical background Humans have 4 sinuses, the maxillary sinuses, the frontal sinuses, the ethmoid sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses. They are connected to the nasal cavity by 1-3 mm narrow bony openings called ostia and are lined with a thin respiratory epithelium with goblet cells and seromucous glands. The ciliated hairs provide clearance of mucus … Acute Sinusitis
Products Bromhexine is commercially available as tablets, syrup, and solution (Bisolvon). It has been approved in many countries since 1966. Structure and properties Bromhexine (C14H20Br2N2, Mr = 376.1 g/mol) is a brominated aniline and benzylamine derivative. It is present in drugs as bromhexine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very sparingly soluble in water. … Bromhexine
Symptoms Possible symptoms of a cold include: Sore throat Sneezing, cold sniffles, runny nose, later nasal congestion. Feeling sick, fatigue Cough, Acute bronchitis Hoarseness Headache Fever is rare in adults, but is often observed in children Causes The common cold is caused in most cases by rhinoviruses, but numerous other viruses such as parainfluenza viruses, … Cold
Products Expectorants are commercially available in the form of cough syrups, drops, tablets, powders, granules, pastilles, and lozenges, among others. Structure and properties Natural (herbal), semisynthetic, and synthetic agents are used. Effects Expectorants liquefy and loosen tough mucus in the respiratory tract and promote expectoration. Mucolytic: liquefy bronchial mucus. Secretolytic: promotes production of a thin … Expectorant
Background The mucosa-lined Eustachian tube (eustachian tube, tuba auditiva) is the connection between the nasopharynx and the tympanic cavity of the middle ear. Its main function is to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the external ambient pressure. The tube is normally closed and opens when swallowing or yawning. Two other important functions are … Tubal Catarrh
Products Dembrexin is commercially available as a powder for administration with feed as a veterinary drug. It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Structure and properties Dembrexin (C13H17Br2NO2, Mr = 379.1 g/mol) is a benzylamine. It is structurally closely related to bromhexine (e.g., bisolvone) and ambroxol (e.g., mucosolvone) and is present in the … Dembrexin
