Historical Cardiology has developed as one of its main sub-areas from general internal medicine. Most of the diagnostic and interventional methods were not developed until the 20th century. The ECG, for example, was developed at the turn of the century, the first heart operation having taken place only a few years earlier. Already in 1929 … Historical | Cardiology
Pulmonary valve regurgitation is a relatively rare condition of the heart valve, which is usually a symptom of disease. In very few cases, pulmonary valve regurgitation requires therapy; however, in severe disease, surgery is possible, so a heart valve replacement is needed. What is pulmonary valve regurgitation? Doctors speak of pulmonary valve insufficiency when the … Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Insulinoma is the most common hormone-producing tumor of the pancreas. It often produces not only insulin, as its name suggests, but also other hormones. In 90% of the cases it is a benign tumor. The most important symptom of insulinoma is the so-called hypoglycemia (“hypoglycemia”). These occur particularly after physical exertion or in the morning … Insulinoma
Biliary diarrhoea (Greek)Cholera is a severe infectious disease, which mainly causes severe diarrhoea. The disease is triggered by Vibrio cholerae, a gram-negative bacterium that can be transmitted to humans via contaminated drinking water or food. Cholera occurs mainly in countries with inadequate hygienic conditions, especially where food, drinking water and personal hygiene are not guaranteed. … Cholera
Forecast With correct therapy, the average mortality rate is only 1-5%, but if therapy is started too late or is omitted, it increases up to 60%. Already weakened people with a reduced state of health are considered to be particularly at risk. Although cholera is a serious life-threatening disease in itself, if it is detected … Forecast | Cholera
Heart sounds are present in every healthy person and occur during the heart action. During the physical examination with the stethoscope, the auscultation, possible damage to the heart valves and cardiac dysrhythmia can be detected. A total of two heart sounds are normally audible, in children and adolescents under certain circumstances up to four. The … Heart Sounds
1st heartbeat Mainly the first heart sound is produced by the closing of the sail valves (mitral and tricuspid valves). Furthermore, a tension of the heart muscles can be observed, with simultaneous closure of the valves. Thus, the heart wall starts to vibrate and the first heart sound becomes audible. This is why it is … 1st heartbeat | Heart Sounds
Whipple’s disease is a very rare disease of the intestine, which often manifests itself as diarrhea, weight loss and joint inflammation. The disease occurs very rarely, but at any age. Cause Probably a certain bacterium called “Tropheryma whippelii” is responsible for this, but it is found everywhere and its transmission route is not yet known. … Whipple’s disease
Primary biliary cirrhosis is a chronic cholestatic disease of the liver, which is assumed to be autoimmune. It mainly affects women over 40 years of age. They make up 90% of patients. Every year, about 5/100,000 people contract the disease, while the prevalence is 40-80/100,000. Cause primary biliary cirrhosis The disease probably has an autoimmune … Primary biliary cirrhosis
As mentioned above, Marfan Syndrome is a genetic disorder. An alteration (mutation) of the Fibrillin-1 (FBN-1) gene causes a defect in the microfibrils (structural component of connective tissue) and weakening of the elastic fibers, which manifests itself mainly in the organ systems of the heart, skeleton, eye and vessels. Autosomal dominant inheritance means that an … Signs of Marfan syndrome
Hirsutism refers to hair growth with male pattern in women. If other signs of masculinization are added, such as a deep voice, acne, a male physique and hair loss according to the male distribution pattern, it is called androgenization. In hirsutism, only the area of hair growth controlled by sex hormones is affected: the beard, … Hirsutism
Hirsutism treatment The therapy of hirsutism depends on the underlying cause. If it is a hormonal disorder, it can be treated with special medication. For example, the adrenal form is treated with the glucocorticoid “dexamethasone“, the ovarian form is treated with ovulation inhibitors (drugs that suppress ovulation). Drugs that act against male hormones can also … Hirsutism treatment | Hirsutism