Products Pure citric acid is available in pharmacies and drugstores as an open product. Specialty retailers can order it from Hänseler AG, for example. Structure and properties Citric acid (C6H8O7, Mr = 192.1 g/mol) usually exists as a white, crystalline, and odorless powder and is very soluble in water. In practice, citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7 … Citric Acid
Products Chewing gums with active pharmaceutical ingredients are available in pharmacies and drugstores. In many countries, only a few pharmaceuticals are approved as chewing gums. Most belong to other product categories, for example, confectionery, dietary supplements, or dental care products. Structure and properties Active ingredient-containing chewing gums are solid single-dose preparations with a base mass … Chewing Gums
Products Birch sap is available in specialized stores. It can also be freshly “tapped” yourself. The juice is also called birch water. It is produced in Scandinavia, the Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Russia, among other places. Ingredients Birch sap is obtained exclusively in the spring by tapping the trunks of birch trees ( sp.). … Birch Sap
Products Pure malic acid is available in specialized stores. The name of the acid is derived from Latin (apple), because it was first isolated from apple juice in 1785. Structure and properties Malic acid (C4H6O5, Mr = 134.1 g/mol) is an organic dicarboxylic acid which belongs to the hydroxycarboxylic acids. It exists as a white … Malic Acid
Definition Carboxylic acids are organic acids with the general structure R-COOH (less commonly: R-CO2H). It is composed of a residue, a carbonyl group, and a hydroxyl group. The functional group is called the carboxy group (carboxyl group). Molecules with two or three carboxy groups are called dicarboxylic acids or tricarboxylic acids. An example of a … Carboxylic Acids
Products Iced tea is available in numerous varieties, including as a beverage, as instant granules, and as a concentrate in grocery stores. It can also be prepared by the consumer. Iced tea is also referred to as. The correct English term would actually be . Ingredients Iced tea is traditionally prepared with black tea, fresh … Iced Tea
Products Energy drinks are available today from numerous suppliers. The best known and first representative is the Red BullEnergy Drink launched in Austria in 1987, which has been released in many countries since 1994 (USA: 1997). The products are usually sold in 250 ml cans, but smaller and larger cans are also on the market. … Energy Drinks
Products Preservatives can be found in liquid, semi-solid and solid pharmaceuticals. They are also used for food and cosmetics. Structure and properties Preservatives belong to various chemical groups. These include, for example: Acids and their salts Benzoic acid derivatives, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. Quaternary ammonium compounds Alcohols Phenols Preservatives can be of natural and synthetic origin. … Preservative
Products Some drugs are commercially available as mouthwashes. A selection of the active ingredients they contain is listed below: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea, mallow. Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Structure and properties Mouthwashes are liquid dosage forms for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients into the mouth and throat. They … Mouthwashes
Products Mouth sprays are commercially available as drugs, medical devices, and dietary supplements. Listed below are some active ingredients that are administered with an oral spray: Local anesthetics: Lidocaine Disinfectant: chlorhexidine Herbal extracts: chamomile, sage, echinacea. Gel former: celluloses Anti-inflammatory: benzydamine Antibiotics: Tyrothricin Nitrates: isosorbide dinitrate Weaning agents: nicotine Cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD), cannabis extract. Mouth … Mouth Sprays
Products Hibiscus is available in pharmacies and drugstores. The flowers are also called carcade (Arabic) and are often combined with rose hips. Stem plant The parent plant is from the mallow family (Malvaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant native to Africa and Asia. Medicinal drug Hibiscus flowers (Hibisci flos, Hibisci sabdariffae flos, Hibiscus flowers), the … Hibiscus
Definition On the one hand, drugs contain the active ingredients that mediate the pharmacological effects. On the other hand, they consist of excipients, which are used for the production or to support and regulate the drug effect. Placebos, which consist only of excipients and contain no active ingredients, are an exception. Excipients can be of … Auxiliary Materials
