Products Rivaroxaban is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Xarelto, Xarelto vascular). It was approved in 2008 as the first agent in the direct factor Xa inhibitor group. Low-dose Xarelto vascular, 2.5 mg, was registered in many countries in 2019. Structure and properties Rivaroxaban (C19H18ClN3O5S, Mr = 435.9 g/mol) is a pure -enantiomer … Rivaroxaban
Products Enoxaparin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Clexane). It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Biosimilars were released in the EU in 2016 and in many countries in 2020 (Inhixa). Structure and properties Enoxaparin is present in the drug as enoxaparin sodium, the sodium salt of a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) … Enoxaparin
Products Nadroparin is commercially available as a solution for injection (Fraxiparine, Fraxiforte). It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Structure and properties Nadroparin is present in the drug as nadroparin calcium. It is the calcium salt of a low-molecular-weight heparin obtained by depolymerization of heparin from the intestinal mucosa of pigs using nitrous … Nadroparin
Products Edoxaban was approved in many countries and in the United States in 2015 in film-coated tablet form (Lixiana, some countries: Savaysa). In Japan, edoxaban was approved as early as 2011. Structure and properties Edoxaban (C24H30ClN7O4S, Mr = 548.1 g/mol) is present in the drug as edoxabantosilate monohydrate, a white to pale yellow powder that … Edoxaban
Products Low-molecular-weight heparins are commercially available as injectable solutions, in the form of prefilled syringes, ampoules, and lancing ampoules. The active ingredients now commonly used in many countries were first approved in the late 1980s. Biosimilars are available in some countries. The active ingredients are abbreviated in English with the acronym LMWH (low molecular weight … Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins
Products Dalteparin is commercially available as an injectable (Fragmin). It has been approved in many countries since 1988. Structure and properties Dalteparin is present in drugs as dalteparin sodium, the sodium salt of a low-molecular-weight heparin obtained by depolymerization of heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa using nitrous acid. The average molecular weight is 6000 Da. … Dalteparin
Effects Fibrinolytic: dissolve fibrin Thrombolytic: dissolve thrombi Indications For the treatment of thrombosis and embolism: Myocardial infarction Ischemic stroke Deep vein thrombosis Pulmonary embolism Acute and subacute thrombosis Arterial occlusive diseases Agents Alteplase (Actilyse) Urokinase (Urokinase HS medac) Reteplase (Rapilysin, out of trade) Streptokinase (streptase, out of trade) Tenecteplase (metalysis)
Definition Pulmonary embolism is one of the most common causes of death during pregnancy. Pulmonary embolism is the occlusion of one or more pulmonary vessels by a blood clot (thrombus). The circulatory disorder hinders the exchange of oxygen in the lung tissue and patients suffer from severe shortness of breath. The risk of pulmonary embolism … Pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
How often does a pulmonary embolism occur during pregnancy? During pregnancy and shortly after birth, the risk of thrombus formation is significantly increased: one person in every 1000 women suffers a pulmonary embolism, so the risk is 0.1%. The general risk of thrombosis is eight times higher during pregnancy than in non-pregnant women. Pregnant women … How often does a pulmonary embolism occur during pregnancy? | Pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Diagnosis A pulmonary embolism is an absolute emergency that must be recognized and treated quickly, otherwise cardiovascular failure and death can quickly occur. The doctor asks the patient about risk factors and carries out a physical examination. On the basis of the results, the doctor uses the so-called well score to estimate the probability of … Diagnosis | Pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
Products Thrombin inhibitors are commercially available in many countries in the form of infusion preparations and as capsules. The first oral thrombin inhibitor to be launched was ximelagatran (Exanta) in 2003. Due to its liver toxicity, sales had to be discontinued. Currently, the most widely used oral and direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran (Pradaxa), was approved … Thrombin Inhibitors
Products Apixaban has been approved in many countries since 2011 in the form of film-coated tablets (Eliquis). Structure and properties Apixaban (C25H25N5O4, Mr = 460.0 g/mol) was developed starting from razaxaban. It is an oxopiperidine and pyrazole derivative. Effects Apixaban (ATC B01AF02) has antithrombotic properties. It is an oral, direct, potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor … Apixaban
