Physiology of sound conduction Sound entering the ear through the ear canal is transmitted from the eardrum to the small bones in the middle ear. These are connected by joints and form a moving chain from the eardrum to the oval window, another structure between the middle and inner ear. Due to the larger surface … Tympanoplasty: Definition, Reasons, and Risks
Brief overview Description: Disturbance of voice formation due to organic or functional causes; in extreme cases, complete loss of voice (voicelessness). Causes: e.g. inflammations, injuries, paralysis, tumors on vocal folds or larynx, overloading of the voice, incorrect speaking technique, psychological reasons, medication, hormonal changes Diagnosis: Medical history; physical examination, laryngoscopy, further examinations (such as ultrasound) … Dysphonia: Definition, Treatment
What are inlays? Both the inlay and the onlay (see below) are custom-made dental fillings. This type of defect treatment is also called an inlay filling. Unlike plastic filling materials such as amalgam, they are modeled to fit precisely based on a dental impression and inserted in one piece. In most cases they are made … Inlay: Definition, Materials, Advantages, Procedure
Brief overview Treatment: Sometimes no treatment, but observation of the aneurysm, possibly two treatment procedures “clipping” or “coiling”, the choice of treatment procedure depends on the individual case Symptoms: Sometimes no symptoms, possibly interference with certain cranial nerves, if the aneurysm ruptures (“bursts”), devastating headaches, nausea, vomiting, neck stiffness, unconsciousness Course of the disease and … Brain Aneurysm: Definition, Therapy
Brief overview Symptoms: Impaired nasal breathing, pressure pain in the face, possibly nasal discharge, bad breath, altered sense of smell and taste, fatigue and tiredness. Treatment: nasal sprays containing cortisone, saline solutions as drops, spray, rinsing or inhalation, in individual cases antibiotics or other special medications, possibly surgery. Course of the disease and prognosis: Often … Chronic sinusitis: Definition, symptoms, therapy
Spirometry: When is it necessary? Reasons for spirometric testing include: Clarification of the cause of chronic cough or shortness of breath (dyspnea) Suspicion of diseases of the respiratory tract, lungs or heart Suspicion of diseases of the respiratory muscles chronic tobacco use pulmonary function testing before surgery general preventive health care occupational health check-up for … Spirometry: Definition, Reasons, Procedure, Analysis
What is intubation? The aim of intubation is to ensure the function of the lungs in patients who cannot breathe on their own. Intubation is also an important measure to ensure that stomach contents, saliva or foreign bodies do not enter the trachea. It also allows physicians to safely deliver anesthetic gases and medications to … Intubation: Definition, Reasons, Procedure
What is ablation? In cardiac ablation, heat or cold, and rarely ultrasound or laser, are used to cause targeted scarring in those cells of the heart muscle that generate or conduct electrical excitation incorrectly. In this way, muscle excitations that disturb the normal heart rhythm can be suppressed – the heart beats normally again. This … Cardiac Ablation: Definition, Application, Procedure
What is occupational therapy? Occupational therapy is a form of therapy that helps sick or injured people to cope with everyday life. It is intended to enable patients to look after themselves as far as possible, participate in society and thus improve their quality of life. Occupational therapy is carried out by specially trained occupational … Occupational therapy: Definition and procedure
What is thromboendarterectomy? Thromboendarterectomy (TEA) is a surgical procedure to open blood vessels that have been blocked by a blood clot (thrombus). In this procedure, the surgeon removes not only the thrombus, but also the inner wall layer of the artery. After a thromboendarterectomy, blood flows again to parts of the body that had a … Thrombendarterectomy: Definition, Procedure, and Risks
The epidemic trio: pandemic, epidemic, endemic An epidemic is an infectious disease that can spread rapidly and affects many people. In terms of the temporal and spatial extent of epidemics, physicians distinguish between three forms: Pandemic, Epidemic and Endemic. Pandemic: Definition A pandemic is a worldwide epidemic. In this case, an infectious disease occurs in … Pandemic & Epidemic: Definition and more
What is a thoracotomy? In a thoracotomy, the surgeon opens the chest through an incision between the ribs. There are different variations depending on the location and size of the incision. Posterolateral thoracotomy Posterolateral (“from behind and to the side”) thoracotomy is the most common type of thoracotomy. Because the incision runs in an arc … 6. Thoracotomy: Definition, Reasons, Procedure, and Risks
