The aortic arch is effectively a 180-degree elbow of the body’s aorta, transferring the nearly vertical upward ascending aorta to the nearly vertical downward descending aorta. The aortic arch lies just outside the pericardium above the origin of the ascending aorta, which originates in the left ventricle. Three arteries or arterial trunks branch from the … Aortic Arch: Structure, Function & Diseases
Dynein is a motor protein that primarily ensures the motility of cilia and flagella. Thus, it is an important intracellular component of the ciliated epithelium, male sperm, eustachian tube, and bronchi or uterine tuba. Mutation of several genes can impair dynein function. What is dynein? Together with myosin, kinesin, and prestin, the cytoskeletal protein dynein … Dynein: Function & Diseases
By the tympanic cavity, physicians mean a cavity of the middle ear in which the auditory ossicles are housed. In addition to the hearing process, the tympanic cavity is involved in middle ear ventilation and pressure equalization. Tympanic effusion is the most well-known complaint associated with the tympanic cavity. What is the tympanic cavity? The … Tympanic Cavity: Structure, Function & Diseases
Endorphins are opioid peptides synthesized by the body itself, which have an influence on the sensation of pain and hunger and can very likely also trigger euphoria. It is certain that endorphins are released by the pituitary and hypothalamus in painful emergency situations and, for example, during endurance sports at peak performance. It is very … Endorphins: Function & Diseases
Definition The epithelium is one of the four basic tissues of the body and is also called the covering tissue. Almost all body surfaces are covered by epithelium. These include both external surfaces, such as the skin, and the internal surfaces of hollow organs, such as the bladder. The epithelium is an extensive group of … Epithelium
Epithelium of the eye The stomach is internally lined by the gastric mucosa, the innermost layer of which forms a single-layered, highly prismatic epithelium. This means that the epithelial cells have an elongated shape. The individual cells are connected to each other by special connections, so-called tight junctions. The epithelium and the adjacent layers form … Epithelium of the eye | Epithelium
Epithelium of the skin The skin (epidermis) is separated from the outside by a multi-layered cornified squamous epithelium. This provides mechanical protection, prevents the penetration of bacteria and prevents the body from drying out. It is called squamous epithelium because the uppermost cell layer consists of flat cells. Since these cells die constantly, turn into … Epithelium of the skin | Epithelium
Carcinomas Carcinomas, i.e. malignant tumors, can also develop in epithelia. Here there are different types, which arise from different types of epithelium. They must be distinguished from the so-called adenomas, which are benign tumors of glands of the epithelium. Papillomas are also benign epithelial growths.A carcinoma can develop from squamous epithelium, then one speaks of … Carcinomas | Epithelium
Urinalysis, urine examination, is a basic diagnostic tool and valuable for any medical specialty. Urinalysis allows immediate conclusions to be drawn about a patient’s general health, particularly the condition of the kidneys and the urinary tract. What is urinalysis? Urinalysis allows immediate conclusions to be drawn about a patient’s general health, particularly the condition of … Urinalysis: Treatment, Effect & Risks
Prohormone convertase catalyzes the cleavage of unneeded components of proteohormones and neuropeptides. In most cases, it becomes active immediately after translation of the corresponding proteins. Diseases associated with prohormone convertase have been found very rarely. What is prohormone convertase? Prohormone convertase is a serine protease that converts just-formed proteins from their original form to their … Prohormone Convertase: Function, Role & Diseases
The milk-forming reflex, along with the milk ejection reflex, is one of the lactation reflexes that mammals use to nourish their offspring and are stimulated by direct contact with the offspring. For the lactation reflex, the hormone prolactin from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland plays the main role. In the case of hormone … Lactic Reflex: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Granulosa cells are epithelial cells localized in the ovarian follicle and consequently form a unit with the female oocyte. Depending on the stage of maturation of the follicle and the exact localization of the cell, they perform different functions, including the formation of estrogen precursors. The best-known disease of granulosa cell tissue is granulosa cell … Granulosa Cell: Structure, Function & Diseases
