Products Protamine is commercially available as an injectable. It has been approved in many countries since 1949. Structure and properties Protamine is present in the drug as protamine hydrochloride. It consists of the hydrochlorides of basic peptides with a deep molecular mass and a high arginine content, obtained from sperm or roe of fish (mostly … Protamine
Symptoms The possible symptoms and signs of deep vein thrombosis include: Pain or cramping in the legs Swelling (edema), feeling of tension Warmth sensation, overheating Reddish to blue-purple discoloration of the skin Increased visibility of the superficial veins The symptoms are rather nonspecific. Deep vein thrombosis may also be asymptomatic and discovered by chance. A … Deep Vein Thrombosis
Products Glucosamine is commercially available in capsule, tablet, and liquid forms, among others. Glucosamine has not yet been approved as a drug in many countries and is not reimbursed by basic insurance. This is in contrast to [chondroitin sulfate. Structure and properties D-glucosamine or 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucose (C6H13NO5, Mr = 179.17 g/mol) is an amino sugar that … Glucosamine
Symptoms Possible symptoms of a minor contusion include pain, bruising, skin discoloration, swelling, and abrasions. An open injury is not usually referred to as a contusion but, for example, as a laceration. Other symptoms depend on the affected area of the body and the severity. Causes A contusion is caused by a sudden and blunt … Bruise (Hematoma): Diagnosis and Treatment
Products In many countries, commercially available products include Soft-Zellin and Webcol alcohol swabs. The swabs are usually individually packaged or taken from a dispenser. Composition Alcohol swabs are made of absorbent, lint-free nonwoven fabric and are impregnated with isopropanol 70%. Isopropanol (C3H8O, Mr = 60.1 g/mol) is a clear, colorless liquid that is miscible with … Alcohol Swab
Products Certoparin was commercially available as a solution for injection (Sandoparin, off label). It was approved in many countries from 1989 to 2018. Structure and properties Certoparin is present in drugs as certoparin sodium. Effects Certoparin (ATC B01AB01) has antithrombotic properties. The effects are primarily due to inhibition of coagulation factor Xa by complexation with … Certoparin
Products Betrixaban was approved in the United States in 2017 in capsule form (Bevyxxa). The drug has not yet been approved in the EU (Dexxience). Structure and properties Betrixaban (C23H22ClN5O3, Mr = 451.9 g/mol) is present in the drug as betrixaban maleate. It is a pyridine and anthranilamide derivative. Effects Betrixaban has antithrombotic properties. The … Betrixaban
Symptoms In venous insufficiency, the normal return flow of venous blood to the heart is disturbed due to various causes. The following symptoms occur on the legs, especially the ankle and lower leg: Superficial venous dilatation: Varicose veins, spider veins, varicose veins. Pain and heaviness, tired legs Fluid retention, swelling, “water in the legs”. Calf … Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Products Pain gels are available in pharmacies and drugstores from a variety of suppliers. Structure and properties Gels consist of gelled liquids. They are made with suitable swelling agents (gelling agents). These include, for example, celluloses and starches. The pharmacopoeia distinguishes between hydrophilic gels and lipophilic gels with a fat content (emgels, lipogels). Active ingredients … Pain Gels
Products Pain plasters are available as self-adhesive pads in various sizes and compositions at pharmacies and drugstores. Some are approved as medicines, while others are approved as medical devices. In many countries, well-known brands include Flector, Flector Plus, Olfen, ABC, Perskindol, and Isola, for example. This article refers primarily to products approved for self-medication and … Pain Patch
Background Potassium ions play an important role in many biological processes, particularly in the generation of membrane and action potentials and electrical conduction in nerve cells and the heart. Potassium is 98% localized intracellularly. The primary active transporter Na+/K+-ATPase provides transport into cells. Two hormones maintain the deep extracellular potassium concentration. The first is insulin, … Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)
Symptoms Possible symptoms of pulmonary embolism include: Shortness of breath (dyspnea), rapid breathing, cyanosis. Chest pain Cough with blood or sputum Rapid heartbeat Fever, sweating Loss of consciousness (syncope) Low blood pressure, shock Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis, such as a swollen, warm leg The severity varies and depends, among other things, on how large … Pulmonary Embolism Causes and Treatment
