Products There are many lozenges available in the market. They are medicines, medical devices or dietary supplements. Structure and properties Lozenges are solid and single-dose preparations intended for sucking. They contain one or more active ingredients, usually in a flavored or sweetened base, and they are intended to dissolve or or disintegrate slowly in the … Lozenges
Symptoms Map tongue is a benign, inflammatory change of the tongue surface in which round to oval, ulcerated, reddened islands (exfoliations) with white margins appear on and around the tongue. In the center, the fungal papillae (papillae fungiformes) are recognizable as enlarged red dots, the filiform papillae are lost and become more keratinized in the … Map Tongue
Products Flecainide is commercially available as tablets and as a solution for injection (Tambocor). It has been approved in many countries since 1984. Structure and properties Flecainide (C17H20F6N2O3, Mr = 414.3 g/mol) is present in drugs as flecainide acetate, a white, crystalline, and very hygroscopic powder that is soluble in water. It is an amide-type … Flecainide
Products The fixed combination of lidocaine and tetracaine has been commercially available as a cream in many countries since 2014 (Pliaglis). Effects Lidocaine and tetracaine (ATC N01BB52) have local anesthetic properties. The effects are due to blockade of sodium channels Indications For local anesthesia on intact skin before dermatologic procedures in adults.
Products Articaine is marketed as a solution for injection and exclusively in combinations with epinephrine. It has been approved in many countries since 1976. Structure and properties Articaine (C13H20N2O3S, Mr = 284.4 g/mol) is present in drugs as articaine hydrochloride, a racemate and white crystalline powder that is readily soluble in water. Effects Articaine (ATC … Articaine
Products Lidocaine is found in lozenges, bronchial pastilles, oral and throat sprays, injectable solutions, creams, gels, oral gels, ointments, and suppositories, among other products. Structure and properties Lidocaine (C14H22N2O, Mr = 234.3 g/mol) is usually present in drugs as lidocaine hydrochloride, a white crystalline powder that is very soluble in water. It is an amide-type … Lidocaine: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses
Products Lidocaine patches have been approved in many countries since 1999 and 1995 (Neurodol, Emla + Prilocaine). Structure and properties Lidocaine (C14H22N2O, Mr = 234.3 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that is practically insoluble in water. It is an amide-type local anesthetic. Effects Lidocaine (ATC D04AB01) has local anesthetic, membrane stabilizing, and analgesic … Lidocaine Patch Effects and Side Effects
Products Epinephrine is commercially available as an injection solution and as an epinephrine auto-injector from various suppliers. The active ingredient is also known as epinephrine, especially in English (in German: Epinephrin). Structure and properties Epinephrine (C9H13NO3, Mr = 183.2 g/mol) exists as a white, crystalline powder with a bitter taste that turns brownish on contact … Adrenaline
Definition Local anesthetics are drugs for local anesthesia. They are therefore called local anesthetics, but they must not be confused with the active ingredients that fall under the narcotics law and include opioids. These are strong painkillers, most of which are associated with the development of an addictive potential. Local anesthetics are used to inhibit … Local anesthetics
Local anesthetics in pregnancy Local anesthetics are generally used for minor, outpatient procedures, examples being biopsies or dental procedures. Since only a small amount of the drug is applied locally, the chance of systemic effects is small and therefore an effect of the local anesthetic on the baby is unlikely. Also a study from 1977 … Local anesthetics in pregnancy | Local anesthetics
Incompatibilities In case of intolerance to a local anesthetic, various symptoms can occur. Itching and reddening often occur, so that there is always the danger of an allergy. In the case of an allergic reaction, severe systemic reactions are sometimes to be expected, which can range from a drop in blood pressure to complete anaphylactic … Incompatibilities | Local anesthetics
Indication & Application Local anesthetics serve to inhibit pain. They are therefore used for operations on the body that cause pain and where the patient is not anaesthetised. During anaesthesia, other substances are used to inhibit pain. There are four types of local anesthesia. In surface anaesthesia, the medication is applied to the surface of … Indication & Application | Local anesthetics
