The United Kingdom Expert Group on Vitamins and Minerals (EVM) last assessed vitamins and minerals for safety in 2003 and set a so-called Safe Upper Level (SUL) or Guidance Level for each micronutrient, provided sufficient data were available. This SUL or Guidance Level reflects the safe maximum amount of a micronutrient that will not cause … Vitamin K: Safety Assessment
Cardiovascular System (I00-I99). Atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia (AVRT) – belongs to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia and results in typical seizure-like episodes with tachycardia (heartbeat too fast: >100 beats per minute), dizziness, and possibly signs of acute heart failure (heart failure) Extrasystoles (heart stutter) – heartbeat that occurs outside the physiological heart rhythm. Sinus tachycardia – increased heart … Atrial Fibrillation: Or something else? Differential Diagnosis
Depression (synonyms: Depressive episode; Melancholia agitata; ICD-10-GM F32.0: Mild depressive episode; ICD-10-GM F32.1: Moderate depressive episode; ICD-10-GM F32.2: Severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms) is a disorder that affects the emotional side of mental life and can manifest itself differently in different individuals. Depression is one of the most common diseases of the brain. It … Depression: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment
A comprehensive clinical examination is the basis for selecting further diagnostic steps: General physical examination – including blood pressure, pulse, body weight, height; further: Inspection (viewing) of the skin, mucous membranes, abdominal wall, and inguinal region (groin area). Gynecological examination Inspection Vulva (external, primary female sexual organs). Vagina (vaginal) [staging T2a: tumor infiltration beyond uterus, … Cervical Cancer: Examination
Medical history (history of illness) represents an important component in the diagnosis of atrial flutter. Family history Do you have relatives who suffer from cardiac arrhythmias? Social history Current medical history/systemic history (somatic and psychological complaints). How long have the complaints existed? What symptoms do you notice? Dizziness?* Palpitations (heart palpitations)?* Shortness of breath?* Unconsciousness … Atrial Flutter: Medical History
Diabetes screening Diabetes screening using a blood test as part of newborn screening: by detecting multiple beta cell autoantibodies in the blood, type 1 diabetes can be detected at a very early, still asymptomatic stage with a sensitivity of almost 90%, thus preventing ketoacidosis. To prevent diabetic coma, attention must be paid to reducing individual … Diabetic Coma: Prevention
Risk groups for deficiency Women and men, respectively, >= 65 years of age (due to insufficient food intake, frequent use of medications – diuretics, laxatives). Discussed an increased need for athletes and heavy workers (after several hours of continuous exercise about 300 mg potassium / L are lost through sweat). Persons with Increased gastrointestinal losses … Potassium: Risk Groups
Therapy goals Prevention of short stature Prevention of hormone deficiency symptoms or hormone deficiency diseases. Therapy recommendations From about the age of 6, growth hormones (STH) are usually used to prevent short stature. Hormone replacement therapy should begin at the age when puberty normally begins in girls (from age 12) and continue throughout life. Substitution … Turner Syndrome: Drug Therapy
General measures Observance of the general hygiene measures! Avoid direct contact with the herpes lesions. In the presence of fever: Bed rest and physical rest (even with only a slight fever). Fever below 38.5 °C does not necessarily need to be treated! (Exceptions: Children prone to febrile convulsions; old, weakened people; patients with a weakened … Herpes Labialis: Therapy
The following are the most important diseases or complications that can be caused by laryngospasm (vocal spasm): Cardiovascular system (I00-I99) Cardiovascular failure
Non-essential amino acids are building blocks of proteins that the body can produce on its own. Their rate of synthesis depends only on macronutrient intake. Non-essential amino acids include: Alanine Aspartic acid (= aspartate) Glutamic acid (= glutamate) Serine If the body lacks an amino acid or an endogenous agent formed from it, such as … Nonessential Amino Acids
The medical history (history of the patient) represents an important component in the diagnosis of bleeding from the respiratory tract. Family History What is the general health of your family members? Are there any diseases in your family (e.g., lung, tumor diseases) that are common? Social history What is your profession? Are you exposed to … Bleeding from the Airways: Medical History
