Introduction Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. This is composed of the brain and spinal cord and is known to be responsible for controlling all bodily functions. Multiple sclerosis is still an incurable disease. Although enormous funds are being made available for research, neither the cause nor a … Course of multiple sclerosis
End stage of multiple sclerosis A concrete final stage does not exist in multiple sclerosis. The severity of the symptoms varies from patient to patient. Thus, the clinical picture of MS in the period before the patient’s death is also different. The more moderate the course and the better the care, the more probable is … End stage of multiple sclerosis | Course of multiple sclerosis
Prognosis When multiple sclerosis is diagnosed, it is hardly possible to make a definitive prognosis due to the very different individual course of the disease. Although this uncertainty can be distressing, the large proportion of positive progressions should be the focus of patient education. The severity of the initial symptoms can be used to estimate … Prognosis | Course of multiple sclerosis
Trigger factors for MS Trigger factors are events or circumstances that can cause a worsening of the disease state and thus have a negative influence on the course of the disease. In multiple sclerosis, such deteriorations become visible as relapses. Infectious diseases are a very important factor. If an MS patient falls ill with influenza … Trigger factors for MS | Course of multiple sclerosis
Introduction Spasticity is an unintentional tensing of the muscles beyond the normal level. In addition to increased muscle tension, muscle twitches, muscle cramps and muscle rigidity also occur. Spasticity can occur repeatedly in phases or be continuous. They often occur in multiple sclerosis and are often combined with muscle weakness. The spasms can cause pain … Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
The following additional symptoms may occur Spasticity limits the mobility of the affected muscles. In some patients, spasticity occurs only after prolonged exertion. Many are restricted in their ability to walk. Spasticity is usually accompanied by muscle weakness. Furthermore, a painful feeling of tension or cramps in the muscles can occur. Over a longer period … The following additional symptoms may occur | Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
These drugs are used If exercise therapy is not sufficient to alleviate the symptoms, medication is used. For spasticity, muscle relaxants and anti-epileptic drugs are used. These are intended to relax the muscles. Baclofen or tizanidine is often used in tablet form. In severe cases, muscle relaxants can be given directly into the spinal cord … These drugs are used | Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
General Multiple sclerosis (MS) can manifest itself in many different ways. This is because the inflammation and breakdown of myelin sheaths can affect different parts of the central nervous system. The first signs are therefore often different, which can often make an early diagnosis difficult. Anamnesis and physical examination Diagnosis usually begins when the patient … Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
MRT for MS head With the help of a magnetic resonance tomography of the head, images of the brain can be made on which multiple sclerosis can be detected at an early stage. Prior to this, the patient is injected with the contrast medium gadolinium, which accumulates in the areas of inflammation so that they … MRT for MS head | Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Examination of the cerebrospinal fluidLiquordiagnostics Cerebrospinal fluid (liquor) can be obtained by lumbar puncture and shows conspicuous findings in about 95% of patients with multiple sclerosis. For this purpose, a hollow needle is inserted between two vertebrae in the area of the lumbar spine and some cerebrospinal fluid is removed. This water is then evaluated … Examination of the cerebrospinal fluidLiquordiagnostics | Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
White matter can be understood as the counterpart of gray matter in the brain. It consists of conduction pathways (nerve fibers) whose white coloration comes from their medullary structure. The white matter is part of the central nervous system and is also called substantia alba or medulla or medullary substance. In the spinal cord, it … White Matter: Structure, Function & Diseases
Introduction Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is always indicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) because it is important to recognize the lesions and thus to be able to assess the severity of the disease. An MRI is a magnetic resonance imaging, which is mainly used to assess soft structures such as muscles, fat or for example brain … MRT for multiple sclerosis