narcolepsy

Amphetamines

Products Amphetamines are commercially available as drugs in the form of tablets, sustained-release tablets, capsules, and sustained-release capsules. Structure and properties Amphetamines are derivatives of amphetamine. It is a methylphenethylamine structurally related to endogenous monoamines and stress hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine. Amphetamines are racemates and the –enantiomers. Effects Amphetamines have sympathomimetic, central stimulant, bronchodilator, psychoactive, … Amphetamines

Suvorexant

Products Suvorexant was approved in the United States in 2014 as the first agent in the orexin receptor antagonist group in the form of film-coated tablets (Belsomra). Structure and properties Suvorexant (C23H23ClN6O2, Mr = 450.9 g/mol) exists as a white powder that is insoluble in water. It is a benzoxazole, diazepane and triazole derivative. Effects … Suvorexant

Dexmethylphenidate

Products Dexmethylphenidate is commercially available in the form of capsules with a modified release of active ingredient (Focalin XR). It was approved in many countries in 2009. Since it does not contain L-threo-methylphenidate, the strengths are correspondingly half less (5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 20 mg) than Ritalin LA (10 mg, 20 mg, 30 … Dexmethylphenidate

Solriamfetol

Products Solriamfetol was approved in the United States in tablet form in 2019 (Sunosi). Structure and properties Solriamfetol (C10H14N2O2, Mr = 194.2 g/mol) is present in the drug as -solriamfetol hydrochloride, a white substance that is highly soluble in water. Solriamfetol is a carbamate and structurally related to amphetamines but pharmacologically distinct from them. Effects … Solriamfetol

Sympathomimetics

Products Sympathomimetics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules, injectable solutions, eye drops, and nasal sprays. Structure and properties Sympathomimetics are structurally derived from the natural neurotransmitters epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects Sympathomimetics have sympathomimetic properties, meaning that they promote the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the … Sympathomimetics

Orexin Receptor Antagonists

Products Orexin receptor antagonists are commercially available in tablet form. The first agent in this group to be approved in the United States was suvorexant (Belsomra) in 2014. Lemborexant (Dayvigo) followed in 2019. Structure and properties Orexin receptor antagonists are characterized by a central ring structure to which heterocycles are attached on both sides. Effects … Orexin Receptor Antagonists

Methamphetamine

Products Methamphetamine is no longer registered as a drug in many countries. Pervitin has been out of commerce for some time. Methamphetamine is one of the narcotics and is subject to more stringent prescription requirements, but it is not a banned substance. In principle, medicines could be prepared in pharmacies as a magisterial prescription. In … Methamphetamine

Cave Canem: Caniphedrine

Caniphedrine The alkaloid L-ephedrine is found along with other alkaloids in plants of the genus Ephedra (e.g., Stapf, Ephedraceae). The herb has been used in Chinese medicine under the name Ma Huang for over 5000 years. In the 16th century pharmacopoeia Pentsao Kang Mu by Li Shih-Chen, it is recommended as a circulatory stimulant, diaphoretic, … Cave Canem: Caniphedrine

Narcolepsy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Narcolepsy is a disease belonging to the group of sleep addictions, characterized by sleep attacks and cataplexies. Although there are several ways to control the disease, it still has no cure. What is narcolepsy? Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder that is associated with severe daytime sleepiness as well as uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sudden strong … Narcolepsy: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Sodium Oxybate

Products Sodium oxybate is commercially available as an oral solution (Xyrem). It has been approved in many countries since 2006. Structure and properties Sodium oxybate (C4H7NaO3, Mr = 126.1 g/mol) is the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid GHB. Effects Sodium oxybate (ATC N07XX04) sedative, reduces excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy in patients with narcolepsy, and … Sodium Oxybate

Clomipramine

Products Clomipramine is commercially available as sustained-release tablets and coated tablets (Anafranil). It has been approved in many countries since 1966 (originally Geigy, later Novartis). The injection and infusion preparations are no longer marketed. Structure and properties Clomipramine (C19H23ClN2, Mr = 314.9 g/mol) is present in drugs as clomipramine hydrochloride, a white to pale yellow … Clomipramine

Methylphenidate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses

Products Methylphenidate is commercially available in many countries in the form of tablets, film-coated tablets, sustained-release tablets, and sustained-release capsules (e.g., Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet, Equasym, generics). It has been approved since 1954. The drug is subject to strict control as a narcotic and is available only by prescription. The isomer dexmethylphenidate (Focalin XR) is also … Methylphenidate: Drug Effects, Side Effects, Dosage and Uses