Products Stimulants are commercially available as drugs, narcotics, dietary supplements, and foods. Dosage forms include tablets, capsules, and solutions. Structure and properties Stimulants do not have a uniform chemical structure, but groups can be identified. Many, for example the amphetamines, are derived from the natural catecholamines such as epinephrine and norepinephrine. Effects The active ingredients … Stimulants
Armodafinil is used to combat various irregularities in sleep patterns. To date, the drug is available only on the US market. Because of its effects, it is not infrequently attributed a structural similarity to stimulant drugs. What is Armodafinil? Armodafinil is used to combat various irregularities in sleep patterns. It was not until 2004 that … Armodafinil: Effects, Uses & Risks
The sleep rhythm is the cyclical sequence of sleep stages, in which phases of light sleep are followed by regular phases of deep sleep, and several of the so-called non-REM stages are each concluded by a REM phase, in which a large part of the dreaming takes place. Via the sleep rhythm, the brain uses … Sleep Rhythm: Function, Tasks, Role & Diseases
Products Modafinil is commercially available in tablet form (CH: Modasomil-100, Modafinil-Acino, DL: Vigil, USA: Provigil). It has been approved in the EU since 1992, in the US since 1998, and in many countries since 2000. Structure and properties Modafinil or 2-benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide (C15H15NO2S, Mr = 273.35 g/mol) is a racemate and exists as a white crystalline … Modafinil
Products Pitolisant (formerly tiprolisant) is commercially available in the form of film-coated tablets (Wakix). It was approved in the EU in 2016, in many countries in 2018, and in the United States in 2019. Structure and properties Pitolisant (C17H26ClNO, Mr = 295.8 g/mol) is a piperidine derivative and an ether. Effects Pitolisant (ATC N07XX11) is … Pitolisant
Side effects are effects that do not correspond to the intended effect and are therefore considered undesirable effects. Very often, when starting to take Ritalin, sleep disturbances and increased irritability occur. By reducing the dose or even omitting the afternoon/evening dose these symptoms can usually be reduced. Loss of appetite is a common side effect … Side effects of Ritalin
Side effects on the heart Everywhere in the body there are transporters that reabsorb messenger substances, including the heart. Depending on the dosage, Ritalin also inhibits the transporters at the heart. Noradrenaline in particular activates receptors on the arteries, the so-called resistance vessels, and thus causes an increase in blood pressure. However, even at higher … Side effects on the heart | Side effects of Ritalin
What happens in case of overdose? Side effects may be more severe in case of overdose. An overdose of a single dose of twice the dose may cause palpitations, dizziness, sleep disturbances, increased alertness, or excessive sedation and drowsiness. As the effect of Ritalin® usually lasts only for a few hours, the side effects of … What happens in case of overdose? | Side effects of Ritalin
Products Dexamphetamine was reapproved in many countries in 2020 in tablet form (Attentin). Dexamine tablets (5 mg, Streuli) are no longer available. Also available is the prodrug lisdexamphetamine (Elvanse). Drugs containing dexamphetamine are also prepared as an extemporaneous prescription in a pharmacy or ordered by pharmacies from specialized service providers. Dexamphetamine is a narcotic and … Dexamphetamine
Under the REM phases, medicine understands sleep phases, in which an increased eye movement, an increase of the pulse rate and the beta as well as dream activity takes place, whereby the muscle tone strongly decreases during this altogether three-hour sleep phase. Meanwhile, medical science assumes that REM sleep is particularly related to learning activities, … REM Phases: Function, Task & Diseases
Almost everyone has experienced it themselves: you sit in a long meeting or attend a lecture, and slowly your eyes fall shut and you nod off. Even a certain sleepiness after a sumptuous lunch, the so-called soup coma, is nothing out of the ordinary. However, if sleep often overtakes you completely unprepared and uncontrollably during … Narcolepsy (Sleeping Sickness)
Narcolepsy symptoms are usually differentiated based on four different main symptoms. These four main narcolepsy symptoms are also named as symptom complex or narcoleptic tetrad. These four symptoms of narcolepsy are sleep compulsions, cataplexies, abnormal sleep patterns, and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy symptom #1: sleep compulsion. Sleeping sickness (popularly known as compulsive slumbering) is often initially … Symptoms of Narcolepsy
