Introduction Breast cancer, also known as breast carcinoma, can be divided into different stages. The decisive factors here are tumour size, lymph node involvement and the presence of metastases. If one speaks of breast cancer in the final stage, daughter tumours are present, which means that the breast cancer is not only located in the … End-stage breast cancer
Life expectancy for end-stage breast cancer End-stage breast cancer today is by no means necessarily associated with a quick death. The average life expectancy from the beginning of the diagnosis of daughter tumours is between 2 – 3.5 years. For one third of women it is 5 years. It should be noted that these are … Life expectancy for end-stage breast cancer | End-stage breast cancer
In Europe, about two-thirds of the population suffer from pain at least once a week. Particularly affected: Patients with chronic, i.e. permanent, pain. Here, pain is considered and treated as a disease in its own right instead of a symptom of a disease. A major role was played in several symposia by the realization in … Chronic Pain: the Pain Memory
Researchers like Prof. Zieglgänsberger are investigating whether pain memory can also be erased. The body should learn to forget. The body’s own systems are a key to this, such as “endocannabinoids,” which are marijuana-like substances produced by the brain. Researchers are working intensively on how to promote these processes. Researchers abroad are also working on … Chronic Pain: the Body’s Own Painkillers and Placebos
The classical pain therapy still works with medication. Before successful therapy, an accurate diagnosis must be made. The patient must be thoroughly examined, but most importantly, the pain must be attributed to the original trigger – this may go back years. The doctor determines whether the pain has a physical cause, for example a tumor, … Chronic Pain: Pain Management
In the context of pain memory, the research of Mannheim scientists led by PD Dr. Dieter Kleinböhl and Prof. Dr. Rupert Hölzl is significant: in one experiment, the pain sensitivity of healthy study participants could be significantly increased without them being aware of it. Conversely, sensitivity could be lowered in the same way, depending on … Chronic Pain: Pain Perception
Cervical dystocia is when the birth process is delayed due to insufficient dilation of the cervix. Cervical dystocia is usually caused by functional disorders. Painful cramping occurs due to insufficient opening despite adequate labor. What is cervical dystocia? Cervical dystocia is a complication of the birth process. Normally, the cervix opens gradually with the onset … Cervical Dystocia: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Introduction The aorta is the main artery and runs from the heart to the legs, where it splits. A rupture of the aorta is life-threatening because even a small tear can lead to mass bleeding in seconds. The tear of the aorta is relatively rare, it is indicated in the literature with about 5/100. 000. … Torn aorta
Causes There are two causes for a rupture of the aorta. In principle, accidents can cause the aorta to rupture, but this is extremely rare because the aorta is relatively protected inside the body. A much more common reason for a rupture of the aorta is an aortic aneurysm. An aneurysm is an enlargement of … Causes | Torn aorta
Diagnosis The diagnosis of aortic rupture is not easy to make. However, if a rupture is suspected, action must be taken very quickly, as the death rate is very high, depending on the size and location of the rupture. A rupture or dilatation of the aorta can be diagnosed by ultrasound, especially by swallowing ultrasound, … Diagnosis | Torn aorta
Prognosis of aortic rupture The forecast depends on many factors. The larger the crack is, the later it is detected and the more unfavourable the location, the death rate can be over 80%. If the aortic tear is treated early, the mortality rate can drop to 20%. The chances of survival in the event of … Prognosis of aortic rupture | Torn aorta
