parasympatholytic

Ipratropium Bromide

Products Ipratropium bromide is commercially available as an inhalation solution, metered-dose inhaler, and nasal spray (Atrovent, Rhinovent, generics). Combination preparations with beta2-sympathomimetics are also commercially available (Dospir, Berodual N, generics). Pharmacies also produce inhalation solutions with ipratropium bromide as extemporaneous preparations. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1978. Structure and properties … Ipratropium Bromide

Parasympatholytics

Products Parasympatholytics are commercially available, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, solutions, as inhalation preparations, injection solutions, and eye drops. This article refers to antagonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, such as ganglion blockers, are discussed separately. Structure and properties Many parasympatholytics are structurally derived from atropine, a natural … Parasympatholytics

Metixen

Products Metixen was commercially available in combination with other active ingredients in tablet form (formerly Spasmo-Canulase). It had been approved in many countries since 1964. Structure and properties Metixen (C20H23NS, Mr = 309.5 g/mol) is present in drugs as metixene hydrochloride, racemate, and monohydrate, a white crystalline or fine crystalline powder soluble in water. Effects … Metixen

Aclidinium Bromide

Products Aclidinium bromide is commercially available as a powder inhalation (Bretaris Genuair, Eklira Genuair). It is administered with the Genuair inhaler and was approved in the EU and US in 2012. In many countries, it entered the market in 2013. In the EU, a fixed-dose combination with formoterol was released in 2014 (Brimica Genuair). Structure … Aclidinium Bromide

Buscopan®

Active substance Butylscopolamine General information Buscopan® contains the active ingredient butylscopolamine. Butylscopolamine belongs to the group of parasympatholytics, i.e. it acts against the parasympathetic nervous system and is therefore called antagonist. Another name for drugs of this group is anticholinergics, as they block an acetylcholine receptor and thus exert their effect. The desired effect of … Buscopan®

Costs | Buscopan®

Costs Buscopan® dragees and tablets are available without prescription in pharmacies. 20 dragees each containing 10 mg butylscopolamine cost about 8 Euro, 50 dragees about 17 Euro. 10 suppositories of 10 mg each cost about 10 euros. All articles in this series: Buscopan® Costs

Tolterodine

Products Tolterodine is commercially available in the form of sustained-release capsules (Detrusitol SR). It has been approved in many countries since 2000. Its successor product, fesoterodine (Toviaz), was launched in 2008 and desfesoterodine (Tovedeso) in 2019. A non-retarded preparation is also commercially available in the United States (Detrol). Structure and properties Tolterodine (C22H31NO, Mr = … Tolterodine

Tropicamide

Products Tropicamide is commercially available in the form of eye drops, as an ophthalmic insert, and as a solution for injection. This article refers to the eye drops. The active ingredient has been approved in many countries since 1957. Structure and properties Tropicamide (C17H20N2O2, Mr = 284.4 g/mol) exists as a white crystalline powder that … Tropicamide

Trospium Chloride

Products Trospium chloride is commercially available in the form of dragées (Spasmo-Urgenin Neo, Spasmex). It has been approved in many countries since 1983. Structure and properties Trospium chloride (C25H30ClNO3, Mr = 428.0 g/mol) is a quaternary amine that exists as a chloride salt. It is a fine, colorless to slightly yellow, crystalline substance. Trospium chloride … Trospium Chloride

Atropine

Products Atropine is commercially available in the form of eye drops, drops, and as a solution for injection. It has been approved in many countries since 1987. Medicinal plants containing atropine have been used medicinally for much longer. Structure and properties Atropine (C17H23NO3, Mr = 289.4 g/mol) is a tertiary amine and belongs to the … Atropine

Desfesoterodine

Products Desfesoterodine was approved in many countries in 2019 in sustained-release tablet form (generic, tovedeso). Structure and properties Desfesoterodine (C22H31NO2, Mr = 341.5 g/mol) is the active metabolite of the prodrug fesoterodine as well as tolterodine (detrusitol). It is also referred to as 5-hydroxymethyltolterodine. In the drug, it is present as desfesoterodine succinate. Effects Desfesoterodine … Desfesoterodine

Oxybutynin

Products Oxybutynin is commercially available in tablet form and as a transdermal patch (Ditropan, Kentera). It has been approved in many countries since 1988, and the transdermal patch has been available since 2007. Extemporaneous formulations are also produced; see Intravesical oxybutynin solution (for use in the urinary bladder). Other dosage forms have been released in … Oxybutynin